{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:47:17Z","timestamp":1791658037363,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Reconstructing cranio-maxillo-facial defects presents significant challenges. This study evaluates the results of polyetheretherketone patient-specific implants (PEEK PSIs) in primary and secondary cranio-maxillo-facial reconstructions, with a focus on aesthetic and functional outcomes and long-term complications. Methods: From October 2009 to February 2023, 45 patients underwent cranio-maxillo-facial reconstructions with PSIs. Patients aged 18 years or older, with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months, were included. The morpho-functional outcome was evaluated through a modified Katsuragy Scale, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, and four FACE-Q|Aesthetics\u00a9 scales. Results: In total, 44 PSIs were placed in 37 patients (51.3% males; mean age 45.1\u2009years). The main cause of the defect was the resection of a tumor (55.4%). Mean follow-up was 78.6 months. Clinical evaluations showed an improvement in the postoperative period both in patient\u2019s and surgeon\u2019s scores (p: 0.01 and p: 0.002, respectively). Subgroup analysis confirmed a significant improvement in patients undergoing cranioplasty (p = 0.02) and mandible reconstruction (p = 0.03). No cases of prosthesis dislocation, rupture, or long-term infection were recorded. Conclusions: PEEK PSIs offer significant advantages in craniofacial reconstructions. Despite challenges in predicting soft tissue adaptation, overall patient satisfaction was high with no long-term complications. Future improvements should focus on predicting and enhancing soft tissue adaptations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14080849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T03:46:36Z","timestamp":1723607196000},"page":"849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Reconstruction with Polyetheretherketone Patient-Specific Implants: Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7605-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylenia","family":"Gugliotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo\u2014Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Zavattero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo\u2014Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3131-9669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Ramieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo\u2014Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Borbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo\u2014Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gerbino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo\u2014Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Corso Bramante 88, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.06.043","article-title":"Primary and secondary reconstruction of complex craniofacial defects using polyetheretherketone custom-made implants","volume":"43","author":"Gerbino","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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