{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:51:08Z","timestamp":1788990668493,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Frailty is a clinical syndrome prevalent among the elderly, characterised by a decline in physiological reserves and increased susceptibility to stressors, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality. Diabetes and hypertension are common in frail older individuals, often leading to polypharmacy. In this narrative review, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between frailty, diabetes, and hypertension and to identify effective management strategies and future research directions. Methods: This narrative review was conducted using the Scopus, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Results: Frailty significantly impacts the management and prognosis of diabetes and hypertension, which, in turn, affects the progression of frailty. Managing these conditions often involves multiple drugs to achieve strict glycaemic control and blood pressure targets, leading to polypharmacy and associated morbidities, including orthostatic hypotension, falls, fractures, hypoglycaemia, and reduced medication adherence. Identifying frailty and implementing strategies like deprescribing can mitigate the adverse effects of polypharmacy and improve outcomes and quality of life. Despite the availability of effective tools for identifying frailty, many frail individuals continue to be exposed to complex treatment regimens for diabetes and hypertension, leading to increased hospital admissions, morbidity, and mortality. Conclusions: Managing diabetes and hypertension in the frail ageing population requires a multidisciplinary approach involving hospital and community geriatricians and pharmacists. This is important due to the lack of sufficient clinical trials dedicated to diabetes and hypertension in the context of frailty. Future large population studies are needed to assess the best approaches for managing diabetes and hypertension in frail individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14090924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T09:56:42Z","timestamp":1725357402000},"page":"924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Intersection between Frailty, Diabetes, and Hypertension: The Critical Role of Community Geriatricians and Pharmacists in Deprescribing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9590-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Dinarvand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ashford and St. Peter\u2019s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey KT16 0PZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Panthakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirmohammad","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L7 8YE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8045-6996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes MK6 5LD, UK"},{"name":"Honorary Senior Lecturer of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.04.023","article-title":"The essence of frailty: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis on frailty concepts and definitions","volume":"56","author":"Onder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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