{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:17:59Z","timestamp":1787764679823,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the oral side effects caused by radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Various treatments are examined to mitigate these sequelae, and a protocol is proposed for dentists and dental hygienists to manage oncological patients. A literature search was conducted to select relevant articles addressing the effects of radiotherapy treatments on the oral cavity, with a particular focus on the development of mucositis, candidiasis, changes in salivary pH, trismus, fibrosis, and alterations in the oral biofilm. PubMed and MedLine were used as search engines, with keyword combinations including: head and neck cancer, mucositis, candida, dental care, dental hygiene, epidemiology, oral microbiome, biofilm, trismus, fibrosis, and salivary pH. A total of 226 articles were identified, spanning the period from 1998 to 2023. Articles deemed inappropriate or in languages other than English or Italian were excluded. A management protocol for oncological patients was proposed, divided into two phases: home-based and professional. Despite the advancements in intensity-modulated radiation therapy, it is impossible to completely avoid damage to healthy tissues. Preventive education and counseling in the dental chair, ongoing motivation, and education about oral hygiene are crucial to combine a good therapeutic outcome with an improved quality of life for the patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14091013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T03:49:46Z","timestamp":1727149786000},"page":"1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Oral Care in Head and Neck Radiotherapy: Proposal for an Oral Hygiene Protocol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-5077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Spinato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Schiavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Torvilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Carraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3687-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Daloiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1766-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Di Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Favero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Audiology and Phoniatry, University of Padova, Treviso Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8751-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gino","family":"Marioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Audiology and Phoniatry, University of Padova, Treviso Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"de Filippis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Audiology and Phoniatry, University of Padova, Treviso Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Fabbris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"ENT Unit, Department of Surgery, South Padova United Hospitals, 35043 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enzo","family":"Emanuelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Section of Otolaryngology, Treviso Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","article-title":"Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods","volume":"144","author":"Ferlay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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