{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:27:30Z","timestamp":1784032050264,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) neurobiological optimization treatments on muscle strength (MS) in individuals with post-polio syndrome (PPS), a condition causing new muscle weakness in polio survivors. Traditional treatments focus on symptom management, whereas REAC technology uses radio electric symmetric conveyed fields to modulate neurotransmission and cellular function. Methods: This open-label study involved 17 PPS patients who maintained their existing medications. The participants underwent four REAC treatment protocols: neuro-postural optimization (NPO), neuro-psycho-physical optimization (NPPO), neuro-psycho-physical optimization\u2014cervical brachial (NPPO-CB), and neuromuscular optimization (NMO). MS was assessed using manual muscular tests (MMT) before and after each protocol. Results: A statistical analysis via repeated measures ANOVA showed significant MS improvements, particularly in the proximal muscles of the left lower limb (LLL), distal muscles of both lower limbs (LLs), and distal muscles of the left upper limb. The LLL, the most severely affected limb at this study\u2019s start, exhibited the greatest improvement. Conclusions: These results suggest REAC treatments could enhance MS in PPS patients, potentially reorganizing motor patterns and reducing functional overload on less affected limbs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14101018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T08:54:17Z","timestamp":1727168057000},"page":"1018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy of REAC Neurobiological Optimization Treatments in Post-Polio Syndrome: A Manual Muscle Testing Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Monalisa","family":"Pereira Motta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Acary Souza Bulle","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeyce Adrielly","family":"Andr\u00e9 Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alcione Aparecida","family":"Vieira de Souza Moscardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 01000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2417-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa Manchim","family":"Favaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Orasmo","family":"Simcsik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7675-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adaptive Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, 50144 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, 50144 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, 50144 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0141-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vania","family":"Fontani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adaptive Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, 50144 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, 50144 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, 50144 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8961-6316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adaptive Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, 50144 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, 50144 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, 50144 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00672-7","article-title":"Poliomyelitis is a current challenge: Long-term sequelae and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus","volume":"45","author":"Quarleri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000905720.83240.9b","article-title":"Assessing pain-the invisible, long-haul polio symptom","volume":"53","author":"Tetz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Hi Shing, S., Chipika, R.H., Finegan, E., Murray, D., Hardiman, O., and Bede, P. 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