{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:46:44Z","timestamp":1788864404605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the spine and peripheral joints, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. This narrative review examines how lifestyle factors\u2014specifically smoking, alcohol consumption, and unhealthy diet\u2014contribute to the onset and progression of SpA. It highlights their impact on disease activity, comorbidities, radiographic damage, and treatment response. Therefore, healthcare providers are encouraged to support patients in making personalized lifestyle changes. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to SpA management, integrating lifestyle modifications with conventional therapies for optimal disease control and improved outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14121114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T04:46:11Z","timestamp":1732164371000},"page":"1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effects of Smoking, Alcohol, and Dietary Habits on the Progression and Management of Spondyloarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9631-6891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Fatica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rom Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eneida","family":"\u00c7ela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rom Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1074-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Ferraioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rom Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7905-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Conigliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rom Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Bergamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rom Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Caso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Sole","family":"Chimenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rom Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.007","article-title":"The concept of spondyloarthritis: Where are we now?","volume":"28","author":"Garg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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