{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:13:28Z","timestamp":1777421608765,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the possible long-term cerebral deposition of amyloid-\u03b2 in patients with PD treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) and its possible influence on axial and cognitive variables. Methods: Consecutive PD patients treated with bilateral STN-DBS with a long-term follow-up were included. The amyloid-\u03b2 deposition was evaluated postoperatively through an 18F-flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET) study. Axial symptoms were assessed using a standardized clinical\u2013instrumental approach. The speech was assessed by perceptual and acoustic analysis, while gait was assessed by means of the instrumented Timed Up and Go test (iTUG). Motor severity was evaluated by applying the UPDRS part III score and subscores, while cognitive functions were assessed through a complete neuropsychological assessment. Different stimulation and drug conditions were assessed: on-stimulation\/off-medication, off-stimulation\/off-medication, and on-stimulation\/on-medication conditions (single- and dual-task). Results: In total, 19 PD patients (male: 11; age: 63.52 years; on-stimulation\/on-medication UPDRS-III: 17.05) with a five-year postoperative follow-up were included. The amyloid-\u03b2 deposition was found in 21% of patients (4\/19) with a prevalent involvement of prefrontal, limbic, and parietal areas. Compared with patients without amyloid-\u03b2 deposition, PD patients with positive 18F-flutemetamol in the PET study showed a higher preoperative UPDRS-I (p = 0.037) score. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in the long term, after STN-DBS, a significant percentage of PD patients may present brain amyloid-\u03b2 deposition. However, larger samples are needed to evaluate the possible role of amyloid-\u03b2 deposition in the development of axial and cognitive alterations after surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14121150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T11:17:20Z","timestamp":1733829440000},"page":"1150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cerebral Amyloid-\u03b2 Deposition, Axial Features, and Cognitive Alterations in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease Treated with Bilateral STN-DBS: A Long-Term Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cavallieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Fraternali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annachiara","family":"Arnone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9286-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Campanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAM-Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Neuromotor and Rehabilitation, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, S. Sebastiano Hospital, 42015 Correggio, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Gessani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Fioravanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Angela","family":"Molinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Di Rauso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Neuromotor & Rehabilitation Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6728-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Rispoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Feletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, Institute of Neurosurgery, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara (OCB) Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Stanzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara (OCB) Hospital, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Damiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAM-Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Neuromotor and Rehabilitation, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, S. Sebastiano Hospital, 42015 Correggio, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Scaltriti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAM-Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Neuromotor and Rehabilitation, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, S. Sebastiano Hospital, 42015 Correggio, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cavazzuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAM-Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Neuromotor and Rehabilitation, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, S. Sebastiano Hospital, 42015 Correggio, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Bardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Giulia","family":"Corni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, S. Agostino Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Cavalleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Neuroscience, Nuovo Ospedale Civile S. 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