{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:19:38Z","timestamp":1790630378285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, common treatment approaches for neoplastic diseases include surgery, radiation, and\/or anticancer drugs (chemotherapy, hormone medications, and targeted therapies). In particular, anticancer medicines destroy cancerous cells by blocking certain pathways that aid in the disease\u2019s initiation and progression. These pharmaceutical drugs\u2019 capacity to inhibit malignant cells has made them indispensable in the treatment of neoplastic disorders. Nonetheless, considering their cyto- and neurotoxicity, as well as their inflammatory responses, these medications may also have unfavorable systemic and ocular side effects. In fact, it is well known that ocular posterior segment side effects, including retinal and vascular complications, have a negative influence on the patient\u2019s eyesight and quality of life. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to the development of these side effects remain incompletely recognized, especially in the case of newly available anticancer drugs. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the possible side effects of new anticancer drugs on the posterior segment of the eye, trying to better understand the involved pharmacological mechanisms and offer helpful guidance on their appropriate management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14121160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:50:44Z","timestamp":1734591044000},"page":"1160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Side Effects of Novel Anticancer Drugs on the Posterior Segment of the Eye: A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0956-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Lixi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Giannaccare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4725-1598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Salerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Unit, \u201cLuigi Curto\u201d Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Unit, \u201cLuigi Curto\u201d Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Unit, \u201cLuigi Curto\u201d Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7867-3342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livio","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Unit, \u201cLuigi Curto\u201d Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (2018). 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