{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T03:57:11Z","timestamp":1767585431219,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and diroximel fumarate (DRF) are two treatments used for multiple sclerosis (MS) that have been shown to be effective in controlling MS patients. DRF was introduced in 2019 with the aim of decreasing the gastrointestinal side effects caused by DMF. Few real-life studies verify the data provided in the clinical trials. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on MS patients at the Hospital Universitario Torrec\u00e1rdenas under treatment with DRF and DMF. Demographic, clinical, and analytical variables were studied and compared between groups. Results: A total of 60 patients were recruited, 30 with each treatment, observing similar baseline characteristics. Fewer gastrointestinal (GI) effects were observed in the DRF group, while more infections were detected in the DMF group. We recorded lower levels in the DRF group, with four cases of moderate-severe lymphopenia in the DRF group vs. none in the DMF group. In addition, we observed a decrease in lymphocytes after the change from DMF to DRF in patients with a change. Conclusions: Our real-life analysis of patients treated with DMF or DRF supports several studies\u2019 findings regarding decreased GI side effects with DRF vs. DMF without decreasing efficacy. However, our data show a greater reduction in lymphocytes in patients with DRF compared to DMF, so more studies are necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15010012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T04:10:23Z","timestamp":1735618223000},"page":"12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Descriptive Analysis of Patients Treated with Diroximel Fumarate and Dimethyl Fumarate\u2014A Real-Life Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5992-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Blanco-Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Team, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Service, Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4338-8167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Ruiz-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Team, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Molina Cuadrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Service, Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Sierra Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy Service, Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Team, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13819","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis\u2014A review","volume":"26","author":"Dobson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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JAMA, 310, 2191\u20132194.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09848-7","article-title":"Tolerability and safety of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing multiple sclerosis: A prospective observational multicenter study in a real-life Spanish population","volume":"267","author":"Sabin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00242-7","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Diroximel Fumarate in the Real-World Setting Have High Rates of Persistence and Adherence","volume":"10","author":"Liseno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103669","article-title":"Early predictive risk factors for dimethyl fumarate-associated lymphopenia in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"59","author":"Thuissard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.9.2023.051","article-title":"Frequency of Dimethyl Fumarate-Induced Lymphopenia among Omani Patients with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Jaboob","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104081","article-title":"Risk factors for development of lymphopenia in dimethyl fumarate-treated patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Ravn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer, B.A., Wray, S., Gudesblatt, M., Bumstead, B., Ziemssen, T., Bonnell, A., Scaramozza, M., Levin, S., Shanmugasundaram, M., and Chen, H. (Neurol. Ther., 2024). Lymphopenia is Not the Primary Therapeutic Mechanism of Diroximel Fumarate in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Subgroup Analyses of the EVOLVE-MS-1 Study, Neurol. Ther., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-024-00637-2"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105737","article-title":"Worsening of lymphopenia in patients with multiple sclerosis when switched from dimethyl fumarate to diroximel fumarate","volume":"89","author":"Dempsey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241242027","article-title":"New onset lymphopenia in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis switching from long-standing dimethyl fumarate treatment to diroximel fumarate: A case series","volume":"30","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/1\/12\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:57:41Z","timestamp":1760115461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/1\/12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm15010012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm15010012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4426"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]}}}