{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:16:32Z","timestamp":1771632992544,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Male breast cancer (MaBC) is a rare disease and due to its rarity and the lack of specific protocols for its management, treatment algorithms are extrapolated from female breast cancer (FBC). To optimize MaBC treatment, we conceived an umbrella review with the aim of supplying an evidence-based summary of systematic reviews published about this topic in the last twenty years. Methods: This umbrella review was performed according to a predefined protocol (PROSPERO number CRD42024574299). We performed a literature search of the PubMed and Cochrane Libraries databases and we considered systematic reviews on MaBC treatment published from 2004 to 2024. We evaluated relevant treatments in the management of MaBC, including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic treatments. We conducted the quality assessment according to A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews version 2 (AMSTAR-2), and the description of the main findings of eligible articles. Results: Seven systematic reviews were selected and the main findings were compiled. Breast-conserving surgery is a reasonable treatment approach and, in selected cases, equivalent in terms of safety and survival outcomes compared to mastectomy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy represents a successful surgical practice with similar accuracy compared to female cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy improves overall survival in MaBC patients following partial mastectomy and after radical mastectomy, in case of involved nodes. Finally, Tamoxifen is associated with an improvement of survival outcomes; aromatase inhibitor and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone should be used only in case of contraindications to tamoxifen. Conclusions: Further research and improved guidelines for MaBC treatment should consider these evidence-based data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15020066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T08:05:42Z","timestamp":1739347542000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Treatments of Interest in Male Breast Cancer: An Umbrella Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Spinaci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, ASL3, Ospedale Villa Scassi, 16149 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3818-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Arecco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Anedda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, ASL3, Ospedale Villa Scassi, 16149 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, ASL3, Ospedale Villa Scassi, 16149 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Firpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, ASL3, Ospedale Villa Scassi, 16149 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5536-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Ghilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Centre, Breast Surgery, University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1797-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Lambertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2557-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Ferrarazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, ASL3, Ospedale Villa Scassi, 16149 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.03120","article-title":"Management of Male Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline","volume":"38","author":"Hassett","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.11.016","article-title":"Early Breast Cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up","volume":"35","author":"Loibl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05561-1","article-title":"Trends of Female and Male Breast Cancer Incidence at the Global, Regional, and National Levels, 1990\u20132017","volume":"180","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-200206000-00009","article-title":"Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer in Canada, 1994\u20131998","volume":"11","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Prev. Off. J. Eur. Cancer Prev. Organ."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"313","article-title":"Mutation Analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a Male Breast Cancer Population","volume":"60","author":"Friedman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990901)86:5<821::AID-CNCR18>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Localized Male Breast Carcinoma and Family History. An Analysis of 142 Patients","volume":"86","author":"Hill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/028418601750288181","article-title":"Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer\u2014A Case-Control Study from Scandinavia","volume":"40","author":"Ewertz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05922-w","article-title":"Family History of Breast Cancer in Men with Non-BRCA Male Breast Cancer: Implications for Cancer Risk Counseling","volume":"185","author":"Calip","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ionescu, S., Nicolescu, A.C., Marincas, M., Madge, O.-L., and Simion, L. (2022). An Update on the General Features of Breast Cancer in Male Patients-A Literature Review. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202205.0328.v1"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt025","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer: Risk Factors, Biology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survivorship","volume":"24","author":"Ruddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.2803","article-title":"Overall Mortality After Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Men vs Women","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MP.0000022251.61944.1D","article-title":"Male Breast Carcinoma: Correlation of ER, PR, Ki-67, Her2-Neu, and P53 with Treatment and Survival, a Study of 65 Cases","volume":"15","author":"Cross","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2004.01.001","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer: Is the Incidence Increasing?","volume":"11","author":"Hodgson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03190-7","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer: An Update","volume":"480","author":"Fox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.02.017","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer Is Not Congruent with the Female Disease","volume":"101","author":"Fentiman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000001500","article-title":"Impact on the Long-Term Prognosis of FDG PET\/CT in Luminal-A and Luminal-B Breast Cancer","volume":"43","author":"Urso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Commun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2009.04.003","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer","volume":"73","author":"Ottini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5152\/tjbh.2015.2711","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Yalaza","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Breast Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-4952-2","article-title":"Surgical Options for Male Breast Cancer","volume":"172","author":"Fentiman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8703","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30100630","article-title":"The Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients Who Become Clinically Node-Negative Following Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Literature Review","volume":"30","author":"Ferrarazzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tinterri, C., Sagona, A., Barbieri, E., Di Maria Grimaldi, S., Caraceni, G., Ambrogi, G., Jacobs, F., Biondi, E., Scardina, L., and Gentile, D. (2023). Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Clinical Experience with Node-Negative and Node-Positive Disease Prior to Systemic Therapy. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061719"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9709-9","article-title":"The Lymphatic Anatomy of the Breast and Its Implications for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: A Human Cadaver Study","volume":"15","author":"Suami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.12-5-512","article-title":"Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Male Patients with Early Breast Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Gentilini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.06.014","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Sentinel Lymph Node Operation in Male and Female Breast Cancer Patients","volume":"203","author":"Boughey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.11.005","article-title":"Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Is Successful and Accurate in Male Breast Carcinoma","volume":"206","author":"Flynn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.06.041","article-title":"Trends and Outcomes Associated with Axillary Management of Males with Clinical N0 Breast Cancer-An NCDB Analysis","volume":"268","author":"Carter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7566","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31120557","article-title":"Accuracy and Outcomes of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Male with Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review and Expert Opinion","volume":"31","author":"Cipolla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70243","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70243","article-title":"Trends and Efficacy of Omitting Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Early-Stage Male Breast Cancer with Limited Nodal Involvement: A Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S457","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2019.04.09","article-title":"Current State of Surgical Management for Male Breast Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820115)49:2<403::AID-CNCR2820490232>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Treatment Results in Males with Breast Cancer","volume":"49","author":"Robison","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00122-X","article-title":"Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Male Breast Cancer","volume":"53","author":"Stranzl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol. J. Eur. Soc. Ther. Radiol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000078","article-title":"Radiotherapy and Male Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Registry Analysis","volume":"39","author":"Madden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(02)00210-4","article-title":"Post-Mastectomy Radiation in Male Breast Cancer","volume":"65","author":"Chakravarthy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol. J. Eur. Soc. Ther. Radiol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734049","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1734049","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Clinicopathology, and Treatment","volume":"2022","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.02.007","article-title":"Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy Is Associated with Improved Survival in Node-Positive Male Breast Cancer: A Population Analysis","volume":"98","author":"Abrams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctarc.2021.100359","article-title":"The Use of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Male Breast Cancer and Its Impact on Outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Bakalov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forster, T., K\u00f6hler, C., El Shafie, R., Weykamp, F., K\u00f6nig, L., Arians, N., Adeberg, S., Michel, L., Smetanay, K., and Golatta, M. (2020). Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Male Breast Cancer\u2014A Rare Indication?. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123645"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30726-3_19","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Drug Therapy for Oncologic Diseases","volume":"Volume 214","author":"Schmetzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex and Gender Differences in Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30726-3_5","article-title":"Sex Differences in Drug Effects: Interaction with Sex Hormones in Adult Life","volume":"Volume 214","author":"Spoletini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex and Gender Differences in Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0857-z","article-title":"Survival Benefit of Tamoxifen in Male Breast Cancer: Prospective Cohort Analysis","volume":"123","author":"Eggemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2355-3","article-title":"Adjuvant Therapy with Tamoxifen Compared to Aromatase Inhibitors for 257 Male Breast Cancer Patients","volume":"137","author":"Eggemann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-23-592","article-title":"Neoadjuvant Treatment for Male Breast Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Fentiman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2023.1551","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer: A 30 Year Retrospective Analysis from a Tertiary Cancer Care Centre","volume":"17","author":"Soni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3796","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34448","article-title":"Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Male Breast Cancer Compared with Female Breast Cancer","volume":"128","author":"Leone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0663-8","article-title":"Evaluations of the Uptake and Impact of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement and Extensions: A Scoping Review","volume":"6","author":"Page","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2010.11.001","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement and Publication Bias","volume":"39","author":"Knobloch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"23","article-title":"Should Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Be Systematically Proposed for Male Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review","volume":"38","author":"Jardel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2019.12.004","article-title":"Breast Conserving Surgery Compared with Mastectomy in Male Breast Cancer: A Brief Systematic Review","volume":"20","author":"Sauder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znab279","article-title":"Treatment of Male Breast Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Real-World Evidence","volume":"108","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"2104","article-title":"A Systematic Literature Review of the Management, Oncological Outcomes and Psychosocial Implications of Male Breast Cancer","volume":"48","author":"Rutherford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. J. Eur. Soc. Surg. Oncol. Br. Assoc. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-019-07588-1","article-title":"Saving the Male Breast: A Systematic Literature Review of Breast-Conservation Surgery for Male Breast Cancer","volume":"26","author":"Thiruchelvam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2024.103703","article-title":"Accuracy of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Male Breast Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"75","author":"Parpex","year":"2024","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2024.104537","article-title":"The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Multidisciplinary Management of Male Breast Cancer_ a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"204","author":"Colciago","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol.\/Hematol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-08987-5","article-title":"Correction to: Axillary Management in Women with Early Breast Cancer and Limited Sentinel Node Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Real-World Evidence in the Post-ACOSOG Z0011 Era","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70460-7","article-title":"Radiotherapy or surgery of the axilla after a positive sentinel node in breast cancer (EORTC 10981-22023 AMAROS): A randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial","volume":"15","author":"Donker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1170","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad189","article-title":"Evaluation of Male Breast Cancer and the Application of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study","volume":"28","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7641","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-15811-x","article-title":"Implementation of Choosing Wisely\u00ae Recommendations for Lymph Node Surgery in Male Breast Cancer","volume":"31","author":"Pratt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.129","article-title":"Male Breast Cancer: Correlation between Immunohistochemical Subtyping and PAM50 Intrinsic Subtypes, and the Subsequent Clinical Outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Vicioso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Z.H., Li, C.-X., Liu, M., and Jiang, J.Y. (2020). Predictive and Prognostic Role of Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer Patients with Different Molecular Subtypes: A Meta-Analysis. BMC Cancer, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07654-y"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2024.08.005","article-title":"Detrimental Impact of Chemotherapy Dose Reduction or Discontinuation in Early Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Pembrolizumab and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Experience","volume":"24","author":"Krishnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2406070","article-title":"Survival with Trastuzumab Emtansine in Residual HER2-Positive Breast Cancer","volume":"392","author":"Geyer","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00882","article-title":"Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab Emtansine and Pertuzumab in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2\u2013Positive Breast Cancer: Three-Year Outcomes from the Phase III KristinE Study","volume":"37","author":"Hurvitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy155","article-title":"Updated Results from MONALEESA-2, a Phase III Trial of First-Line Ribociclib plus Letrozole versus Placebo plus Letrozole in Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer","volume":"29","author":"Hortobagyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-018-0097-z","article-title":"MONARCH 3 Final PFS: A Randomized Study of Abemaciclib as Initial Therapy for Advanced Breast Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Johnston","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70054","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.70054","article-title":"Abemaciclib and Letrozole in Metastatic Male Breast Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Strobel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33650","article-title":"Adjuvant Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4\/6 Inhibition in Hormone Receptor\u2013Positive Breast Cancer: One Monarch to Rule Them All?","volume":"127","author":"Dhakal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-024-07405-5","article-title":"Feasibility of Targeted Therapies in the Adjuvant Setting of Early Breast Cancer in Men: Real-World Data from a Population-Based Registry","volume":"309","author":"Frevert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2454","article-title":"Real-World Data of Palbociclib in Combination with Endocrine Therapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Men","volume":"111","author":"Kraus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2022.09.009","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4\u20136 (CDK 4\u20136) Inhibitors in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Study","volume":"66","author":"Mutlu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-023-02460-5","article-title":"The Efficacy of Palbociclib and Ribociclib in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancer in Male Patients: A Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) Study","volume":"29","author":"Kutlu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shea, B.J., Reeves, B.C., Wells, G., Thuku, M., Hamel, C., Moran, J., Moher, D., Tugwell, P., Welch, V., and Kristjansson, E. (2017). AMSTAR 2: A critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ, 358.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008"}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/2\/66\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:31:06Z","timestamp":1760027466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/2\/66"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm15020066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm15020066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]}}}