{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:59:00Z","timestamp":1760057940900,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: It is increasingly realized that the advances in diagnosis and treatment for those born with congenitally malformed hearts have now resulted in avoidance of morbidity being equally as important as avoiding postoperative mortality. Detailed personalized diagnoses will now be key to achieve such improvements. Methods: We have reviewed our own experience in diagnosing major phenotypic variations on selected congenital cardiac malformations, showing that the ability to personalize the findings is at hand, although not always to date universally employed. Results: We have chosen four categories to illustrate how the definitions now provided by the International Nomenclature Society, and incorporated in the 11th iteration of the International Classification of Disease, make it possible to provide personalized diagnoses. The lesions chosen for review are the arrangement of the atrial appendages, the lesions permitting interatrial shunting, the options in the setting of deficient ventricular septation, and the abnormal morphology of the aortic root. We show that not all centers, as yet, are taking advances of these opportunities at hand to tailor the chosen treatments. Conclusions: Detailed phenotypic definitions have now been provided for all the major congenital cardiac malformations. Use of these definitions should now provide personalized medicine for all those born with malformed hearts. As yet, the definitions are not used to their full effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15030102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T07:47:37Z","timestamp":1741074457000},"page":"102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personalized Diagnoses for Those Born with Congenitally Malformed Hearts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Adrian C.","family":"Crucean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane E.","family":"Spicer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children\u2019s Hospital, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin T.","family":"Tretter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children\u2019s, and The Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Loomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5163-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert H.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951117002244","article-title":"Nomenclature for congenital and paediatric cardiac disease: The International Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Code (IPCCC) and the Eleventh Iteration of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)","volume":"27","author":"Franklin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiol. 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