{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:14:10Z","timestamp":1791231250761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":220,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The appendix, an integral part of the large intestine, may serve two purposes. First of all, it is a concentration of lymphoid tissue that resembles Peyer\u2019s patches. It is also the main location in the body for the creation of immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is essential for controlling intestinal flora\u2019s density and quality. Second, the appendix constitutes a special place for commensal bacteria in the body because of its location and form. Inflammation of the appendix, brought on by a variety of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, or parasites, is known as appendicitis. According to a number of studies, the consequences of appendectomies may be more subtle, and may relate to the emergence of heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), among other unexpected illnesses. A poorer prognosis for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection is also predicted by the absence of an appendix. Appendectomies result in gut dysbiosis, which consequently causes different disease outcomes. In this review, we compared the compositional differences between the appendix and gut microbiome, the immunological role of appendix and appendix microbiome (AM), and discussed how appendectomy is linked to different disease consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15030112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T04:29:18Z","timestamp":1741926558000},"page":"112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Exploring the Immunological Role of the Microbial Composition of the Appendix and the Associated Risks of Appendectomies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-7685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarequl","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2228-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Shahjalal","family":"Sagor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noshin Tabassum","family":"Tamanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Kamrul Islam","family":"Bappy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Danishuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5158-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Azizul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2673-7495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x","article-title":"Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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