{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:52:20Z","timestamp":1787028740747,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"illustrious professional association of physiotherapists of the community of Madrid","award":["II PI 2021\/05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["II PI 2021\/05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Fatigue is one of the most recurrent and most disabling symptoms of long COVID (LC) and is associated with a worse quality of life. Reducing body fat in these patients could be important to mitigate fatigue and post-exertional worsening. Aerobic exercise may not be indicated in LC patients who have orthostatic tachycardia and post-exertional worsening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a personalized supine therapeutic motor control exercise program on fatigue and fat tissue in women with LC. Methods: A single-arm exploratory case study, with a pre\u2013post format, was conducted on 17 women with LC to test the effects of a plank-based strengthening exercise program on fatigue, which was evaluated by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and fat tissue assessed by bioimpedance. The twelve-week program included two weekly sessions. The exercise program was personalized, considering the symptoms and characteristics of the patients. Results: Participants with overweight or obesity (n = 12) comprised 70% of the entire sample. After completing the exercise program this value decreased by 5.9 percentage points. Significant differences were found in the total [(MD\u2009 = \u22121.72, 95% CI \u22122.57 to \u22120.86), r = 0.73], trunk, upper and inner limbs body fat percentages (p &lt; 0.05). The overall fatigue decreased at 12 weeks [(MD\u2009 = \u2009\u221214.00, 95% CI \u221221.69 to \u22126.31), r = 0.69] as well as the physical and psychosocial fatigue sub-scale (p\u2009 &lt; \u20090.001); no differences were observed in the cognitive sub-scale. Conclusions: The plank-based personalized strengthening exercise program showed rapid improvements in fatigue and fat percentages. It could be an effective strategy to achieve improvements for LC patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15060217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T05:52:52Z","timestamp":1748325172000},"page":"217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improvement of Fatigue and Body Composition in Women with Long COVID After Non-Aerobic Therapeutic Exercise Program"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Miana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy Salus Infirmorum, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 28015 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Moreta-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisyos Center, M\u00e9todo Moreta, 28027 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9253-8884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Antona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Moreta-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FREMAP Care Center, 28946 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8836-7135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Laguarta-Val","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crook, H., Raza, S., Nowell, J., Young, M., and Edison, P. (2021). Long Covid\u2014Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Management. BMJ, n1648.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1648"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.03.036","article-title":"Exploring the Recovery Curve for Long-Term Post-COVID Dyspnea and Fatigue","volume":"101","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e14917","article-title":"Obesity Is Associated with a Greater Number of Long-Term Post-COVID Symptoms and Poor Sleep Quality: A Multicentre Case-Control Study","volume":"75","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00703-9","article-title":"A Clinical Case Definition of Post-COVID-19 Condition by a Delphi Consensus","volume":"22","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaab081","article-title":"Fatigue Symptoms Associated With COVID-19 in Convalescent or Recovered COVID-19 Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"56","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27309","article-title":"Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"94","author":"Malik","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01165-5","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Long COVID: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Potential Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"46","author":"Molnar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S317027","article-title":"Physical and Mental Fatigue in Subjects Recovered from COVID-19 Infection: A Case-Control Study","volume":"17","author":"Elanwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13746","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13746","article-title":"Assessment and Characterisation of Post-COVID-19 Manifestations","volume":"75","author":"Kamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac384","article-title":"Multimodal Neuroimaging in Post-COVID Syndrome and Correlation with Cognition","volume":"146","author":"Yus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14014","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14014","article-title":"Interrelationships between Exercise, Functional Connectivity, and Cognition among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review","volume":"59","author":"Moore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.10.013","article-title":"Evidence for Exercise-Related Plasticity in Functional and Structural Neural Network Connectivity","volume":"131","author":"Won","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27015","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027015","article-title":"Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected by Increasing White Matter Integrity in Healthy Controls","volume":"100","author":"Bashir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6950","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03492-8","article-title":"Exercise Reshapes the Brain: Molecular, Cellular, and Structural Changes Associated with Cognitive Improvements","volume":"60","author":"Arrifano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13569","article-title":"An Acute Bout of Exercise Modulates Both Intracortical and Interhemispheric Excitability","volume":"45","author":"Neva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2236057","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.36057","article-title":"Use of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing to Evaluate Long COVID-19 Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Durstenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00714","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00714-2023","article-title":"Differential Cardiopulmonary Haemodynamic Phenotypes in PASC-Related Exercise Intolerance","volume":"10","author":"Kahn","year":"2024","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"e39722","article-title":"Mechanisms and Severity of Exercise Intolerance Following COVID-19 and Similar Viral Infections: A Comparative Review","volume":"15","author":"Weldon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, H.E., McCorkell, L., Vogel, J.M., and Topol, E.J. (2023). Author Correction: Long COVID: Major Findings, Mechanisms and Recommendations. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 21.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00896-0"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13108","article-title":"Post COVID-19 Condition: Critical Need for a Clear Definition and Detailed Pathophysiology","volume":"13","author":"Kerkhoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44432-3","article-title":"Muscle Abnormalities Worsen after Post-Exertional Malaise in Long COVID","volume":"15","author":"Appelman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e047632","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047632","article-title":"Long COVID and the Role of Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study","volume":"11","author":"Humphreys","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m4721","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4721","article-title":"Returning to Physical Activity after COVID-19","volume":"372","author":"Salman","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Writing Committee, Gluckman, T.J., Bhave, N.M., Allen, L.A., Chung, E.H., Spatz, E.S., Ammirati, E., Baggish, A.L., Bozkurt, B., and Cornwell, W.K. (2022). 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Cardiovascular Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: Myocarditis and Other Myocardial Involvement, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Return to Play: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 79, 1717\u20131756.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.02.003"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22971","article-title":"Visceral Adiposity and High Intramuscular Fat Deposition Independently Predict Critical Illness in Patients with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154319","article-title":"Visceral Fat Shows the Strongest Association with the Need of Intensive Care in Patients with COVID-19","volume":"111","author":"Watanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23096","article-title":"Visceral Adiposity Elevates the Risk of Critical Condition in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"29","author":"Farkas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22818","article-title":"Obesity and Its Implications for COVID-19 Mortality","volume":"28","author":"Dietz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac137","article-title":"Obesity and COVID-19: Mechanistic Insights From Adipose Tissue","volume":"107","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-020-02693-2","article-title":"Visceral Adipose Tissue in Patients with COVID-19: Risk Stratification for Severity","volume":"46","author":"Chandarana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-115","article-title":"Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF): A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S1138-6045(07)73665-1","article-title":"El Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad F\u00edsica. Un instrumento adecuado en el seguimiento de la actividad f\u00edsica poblacional","volume":"10","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam. Fisioter. Y Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2012-019","article-title":"Psychometric Properties of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale","volume":"15","author":"Larson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. MS Care"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"74","article-title":"Fatigue in Long-COVID; Frequency, Severity and Impact on Quality of Life","volume":"2","author":"Ocak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Troia Med. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.18.04778-0","article-title":"The Effects of 10-Week Core Stability Training on Balance in Women with Multiple Sclerosis According to Expanded Disability Status Scale: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"55","author":"Amiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155211036956","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness Study of Low versus High-Intensity Aerobic Training with Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling Older Men with Post-COVID 19 Sarcopenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"36","author":"Nambi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001910","article-title":"Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome Negatively Impacts Physical Function, Cognitive Function, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Participation","volume":"101","author":"Tabacof","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pzac005","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzac005","article-title":"Chronic Fatigue and Postexertional Malaise in People Living With Long COVID: An Observational Study","volume":"102","author":"Twomey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.01.1672","article-title":"Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Fatigue in Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC)","volume":"16","author":"Santana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.12.020","article-title":"Fatigue and Cognitive Impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"101","author":"Ceban","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04569-5","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Is Associated with Changes in Brain Structure in UK Biobank","volume":"604","author":"Douaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortelli, P., Quercia, A., Cerasa, A., Dezi, S., Ferrazzoli, D., Sebastianelli, L., Saltuari, L., Versace, V., and Quartarone, A. (2023). Lowered Delta Activity in Post-COVID-19 Patients with Fatigue and Cognitive Impairment. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11082228"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15278","article-title":"Altered Motor Cortex Physiology and Dysexecutive Syndrome in Patients with Fatigue and Cognitive Difficulties after Mild COVID-19","volume":"29","author":"Ortelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.06.008","article-title":"Reduced TMS-Evoked EEG Oscillatory Activity in Cortical Motor Regions in Patients with Post-COVID Fatigue","volume":"165","author":"Casula","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"986950","article-title":"Can Exercise Attenuate the Negative Effects of Long COVID Syndrome on Brain Health? Front","volume":"13","author":"Teo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.09.023","article-title":"Combining Aerobic Exercise and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Brain Function in Health and Disease","volume":"83","author":"Hendrikse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendy, A.M., Andrushko, J.W., Della Gatta, P.A., and Teo, W.-P. (2022). Acute Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Motor Cortical Excitability and Inhibition in Sedentary Adults. Front. Psychol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.814633"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colas, C., Le Berre, Y., Fanget, M., Savall, A., Killian, M., Goujon, I., Labeix, P., Bayle, M., F\u00e9asson, L., and Roche, F. (2023). Physical Activity in Long COVID: A Comparative Study of Exercise Rehabilitation Benefits in Patients with Long COVID, Coronary Artery Disease and Fibromyalgia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20156513"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofab440","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab440","article-title":"Long COVID and Post-Infective Fatigue Syndrome: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Sandler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003705","article-title":"Longitudinal Anthropometry and Body Composition in Children With SARS-CoV-2-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Leone","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.36740\/WLek202301113","article-title":"Influence of Therapeutic Gymnastics on Body Weight Composition, Anthropometric Parameters and Quality of Life of Women with Obesity in the Conditions of Quarantine Restrictions in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"76","author":"Vasylieva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wiad. Lek."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.10.010","article-title":"Analysis of Fat Oxidation Capacity during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Indicates Long-Lasting Metabolic Disturbance in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Garbsch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00599.2022","article-title":"Reduced Muscle Strength in Patients with Long-COVID-19 Syndrome Is Mediated by Limb Muscle Mass","volume":"134","author":"Oteiza","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01836-9","article-title":"Long-COVID Post-Viral Chronic Fatigue and Affective Symptoms Are Associated with Oxidative Damage, Lowered Antioxidant Defenses and Inflammation: A Proof of Concept and Mechanism Study","volume":"28","author":"Almulla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2024.03.003","article-title":"Developing Effective Strategies to Optimize Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Long Covid Population- The Need for Caution and Objective Assessment","volume":"83","author":"Faghy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad131","article-title":"Reduced Exercise Capacity, Chronotropic Incompetence, and Early Systemic Inflammation in Cardiopulmonary Phenotype Long Coronavirus Disease 2019","volume":"228","author":"Durstenfeld","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Infect Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150132721996283","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132721996283","article-title":"We Should Do More to Offer Evidence-Based Treatment for an Important Modifiable Risk Factor for COVID-19: Obesity","volume":"12","author":"Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Prim. Care Community Health"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154378","article-title":"Obesity in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"113","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.10.023","article-title":"High Prevalence of Pericardial Involvement in College Student Athletes Recovering From COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Brito","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maglietta, G., Diodati, F., Puntoni, M., Lazzarelli, S., Marcomini, B., Patrizi, L., and Caminiti, C. (2022). Prognostic Factors for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061541"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000821","article-title":"Characteristics and Treatment of Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Long COVID","volume":"43","author":"Edward","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barz, A., Berger, J., Speicher, M., Morsch, A., Wanjek, M., Rissland, J., and J\u00e4ger, J. (2024). Effects of a Symptom-Titrated Exercise Program on Fatigue and Quality of Life in People with Post-COVID Condition\u2014A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82584-4"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostrowska, M., Rzepka-Cholasi\u0144ska, A., Pietrzykowski, \u0141., Michalski, P., Kosobucka-Ozdoba, A., Jasiewicz, M., Kasprzak, M., Kry\u015b, J., and Kubica, A. (2023). Effects of Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Program in Patients with Long COVID-19: Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation (PCR SIRIO 8) Study. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12020420"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803683","article-title":"A Dose\u2013Response Relation between Aerobic Exercise and Visceral Fat Reduction: Systematic Review of Clinical Trials","volume":"31","author":"Ohkawara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9661-8","article-title":"Diet and Diet Combined with Chronic Aerobic Exercise Decreases Body Fat Mass and Alters Plasma and Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Markers in Obese Women","volume":"36","author":"Lakhdar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Constantin-Teodosiu, D., and Constantin, D. (2021). Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Fatigue. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111587"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, M., Dorna, M., Franco, E., Geronutti, J., Brizola, L., Ishimoto, L., Barros, Y., Costa, A., Breda, C., and Marin, C. (2024). Clinical and Physiological Variables in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition and Persistent Fatigue. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13133876"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavigli, L., Fusi, C., Focardi, M., Mandoli, G.E., Pastore, M.C., Cameli, M., Valente, S., Zorzi, A., Bonifazi, M., and D\u2019Andrea, A. (2022). Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19: The Potential Role of Exercise Therapy in Treating Patients and Athletes Returning to Play. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010288"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.24038\/mgyf.2021.016","article-title":"Descripci\u00f3n de Los 201 S\u00edntomas de La Afectaci\u00f3n Multiorg\u00e1nica Producida En Los Pacientes Afectados Por La COVID-19 Persistente","volume":"10","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Gen. Fam."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/6\/217\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:40:52Z","timestamp":1760031652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/6\/217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm15060217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm15060217","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]}}}