{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:12:18Z","timestamp":1790035938066,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Radiological assessment following pancreaticoduodenectomy is critical for the prompt diagnosis and management of postoperative complications, significantly influencing patient outcomes. Pancreaticoduodenectomy, or the Whipple procedure, is the standard surgical intervention for pancreatic and periampullary malignancies, but it involves notable risks, especially from complications like fistulas, bleeding, or leakage. Cross-sectional imaging, particularly contrast-enhanced computed tomography, serves as the primary diagnostic tool due to its rapid acquisition, high resolution, and effective delineation of postoperative anatomy and complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (with cholangiopancreatography and hepatobiliary contrast agents) complements CT by providing superior contrast resolution for specific complications, notably in the biliary system and pancreatic duct. This narrative review discusses various imaging techniques and their applications, highlighting characteristic radiological features of common postoperative complications. It underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing close collaboration between radiologists and surgeons to optimize surgical decision-making and improve patient management post-pancreatic surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15060220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T08:12:47Z","timestamp":1748419967000},"page":"220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Radiological Assessment After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for a Precision Approach to Managing Complications: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2284-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Urraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0767-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Patan\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-8268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiano","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery and Research Unit of General Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cammarata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery and Research Unit of General Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Operative Research Unit of General Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5194-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-6235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Reginelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/16515320510036921","article-title":"Clinical Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Presciuttini","year":"2005","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21626","article-title":"Multidisciplinary standards of care and recent progress in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Grossberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"210","article-title":"Malignant epithelial\/exocrine tumors of the pancreas: Review","volume":"112","author":"Luchini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathol.-J. Ital. Soc. Anat. Pathol. Diagn. Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omar, I., Miller, K., Madhok, B., Amr, B., Singhal, R., Graham, Y., Pouwels, S., Abu Hilal, M., Aggarwal, S., and Ahmed, I. (2022). The first international Delphi consensus statement on Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal surgery. Int. J. Surg., 104.","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac245.023"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topkan, E., Senyurek, S., K\u0131lic Durankus, N., Ozturk, D., and Selek, U. (2024). Novel Somay\u2019s GLUCAR Index Efficiently Predicts Survival Outcomes in Locally Advanced Pancreas Cancer Patients Receiving Definitive Chemoradiotherapy: A Propensity-Score-Matched Cohort Analysis. J. Pers. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14070746"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valian, S.K., Khorasanizadeh, F., Kamyab, K., Nourazar, S., Montazeri, S., and Azizpour, A. (2024). Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma: Comparison of high-frequency ultrasound and pathology. Ski. Res. Technol., 30.","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13897"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"PancreasGroup.org Collaborative (2024). Pancreatic surgery outcomes: Multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries. Br. J. Surg., 111."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunner, M., Loeser, I., Weber, G.F., Gr\u00fctzmann, R., and Krautz, C. (2025). Postoperative outcomes and their risk factors in left pancreatectomy with and without multivisceral resection. Sci. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89251-2"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ska, B., and Mrowiec, S. (2023). Pancreatectomy and Pancreatic Surgery. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13061400"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aaquist, T., Fristrup, C.W., Hasselby, J.P., Hamilton-Dutoit, S., Eld, M., Pfeiffer, P., Mortensen, M.B., and Detlefsen, S. (2024). Prognostic value of margin clearance in total and distal pancreatectomy specimens with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a Danish population-based nationwide study. Pathol.-Res. Pract., 254.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.155077"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, C.W., Yu, T.Y., Jeong, J.W., Ha, S.E., Singh, R., Lee, M.Y., and Ro, S. (2024). Fasting GLP-1 Levels and Albuminuria Are Negatively Associated in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J. Pers. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202401.2159.v1"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maino, C., Cereda, M., Franco, P.N., Boraschi, P., Cannella, R., Gianotti, L.V., Zamboni, G., Vernuccio, F., and Ippolito, D. (2024). Cross-sectional imaging after pancreatic surgery: The dialogue between the radiologist and the surgeon. Eur. J. Radiol. Open, 12.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2023.100544"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"136","article-title":"A Review and Update on Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tract Tumors: From the Bench to Clinical Practice","volume":"4","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mir, R., Elfaki, I., Elangeeb, M.E., Moawadh, M.S., Tayeb, F.J., Barnawi, J., Albalawi, I.A., Alharbi, A.A., Alhelali, M.H., and Alsaedi, B.S.O. (2023). Comprehensive Molecular Evaluation of HNF-1 Alpha, miR-27a, and miR-146 Gene Variants and Their Link with Predisposition and Progression in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13081270"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caban, M., and Ma\u0142ecka-Wojciesko, E. (2022). Pancreatic Incidentaloma. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164648"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhulaili, Z.M., Pleijhuis, R.G., Nijkamp, M.W., and Klaase, J.M. (2022). External Validation of a Risk Model for Severe Complications following Pancreatoduodenectomy Based on Three Preoperative Variables. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14225551"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-019-04230-z","article-title":"Surgical Outcomes After Pancreatic Resection of Screening-Detected Lesions in Individuals at High Risk for Developing Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Canto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"D\u2019Cruz, J.R., Misra, S., Menon, G., and Shamsudeen, S. (2025, January 01). Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Procedure), StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK560747\/."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmrp.2014.11.007","article-title":"Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Techniques and controversies","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.438","article-title":"Risk factors of serious postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy and risk calculators for predicting postoperative complications: A nationwide study of 17,564 patients in Japan","volume":"24","author":"Aoki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v7.i12.411","article-title":"Minimally invasive surgical approach to pancreatic malignancies","volume":"7","author":"Bencini","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.05.060","article-title":"Enteric reconstruction of pancreatic stump following pancreaticoduodenectomy: A review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doria, C., and Rogart, J.N. (2022). Surgical Management of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Malignancies: Diagnosis and Treatment in the 21st Century, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41683-6"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2016.152","article-title":"Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Current Management and Therapies","volume":"50","author":"Boumitri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.15750","article-title":"Usefulness of Surgical Staging of Gastric Cancer in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Candidates: A Single-center Retrospective Study","volume":"42","author":"Komori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.463","article-title":"Pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0183-7","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer arising in the remnant pancreas is not always a relapse of the preceding primary","volume":"32","author":"Luchini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11115","article-title":"Impact of resection margin status on recurrence and survival in pancreatic cancer surgery","volume":"106","author":"Tummers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.14701\/ahbps.24-041","article-title":"Meta-analysis of pancreatic re-resection for locally recurrent pancreatic cancer following index pancreatectomy","volume":"28","author":"Hajibandeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-022-01459-8","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of including contrast-enhanced ultrasound in management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms","volume":"127","author":"Faccioli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, X., Yang, F., Yang, P., Yang, M., Xu, L., Zhuo, J., Wang, J., Lu, D., Liu, Z., and Zheng, S.S. (2020). A Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Based Radiomics Approach for Preoperative Differentiation of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasm Subtypes: A Feasibility Study. Front. Oncol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00248"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-168","article-title":"Inflammatory and tumor-like lesions of the pancreas","volume":"112","author":"Luchini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"8","article-title":"Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation: A case report and literature review","volume":"5","author":"Shearer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Radiol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nonikashvili, M., Kereselidze, M., Toidze, O., and Beruchashvili, T. (2023). Incidence and Patterns of Digestive Organ Cancer in Georgia: Insights from a Population-Based Registry Study in 2021. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13071121"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000676","article-title":"Oncocytic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Imaging and Histopathological Findings","volume":"45","author":"Capelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181d36244","article-title":"Acoustic radiation force impulse ultrasound imaging of pancreatic cystic lesions: Preliminary results","volume":"39","author":"Gallotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181c34d19","article-title":"Pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma at ultrasound acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging","volume":"39","author":"Gallotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820510028972","article-title":"Distal pancreatectomy: En-bloc splenectomy vs spleen-preserving pancreatectomy","volume":"7","year":"2005","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amendolara, R., Zampetti, S., Siena, A., D\u2019Onofrio, L., De Vita, F., Barbaro, F., Notarnicola, D., Sessa, R.L., Luver\u00e0, D., and Risi, R. (2025). Residual C-peptide secretion is associated with better CGM-metrics in adults with short-lasting type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 221.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112006"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musiu, C., Adamo, A., Caligola, S., Agostini, A., Frusteri, C., Lupo, F., Boschi, F., Busato, A., Poffe, O., and Anselmi, C. (2025). Local ablation disrupts immune evasion in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett., 609.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2024.217327"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"2025","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of central pancreatectomy in benign or low-grade malignant pancreatic body lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Bi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06200-9","article-title":"Comparison of [(18)F]-OC PET\/CT and contrast-enhanced CT\/MRI in the detection and evaluation of neuroendocrine neoplasms","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i46.6829","article-title":"Minimally invasive treatment of pancreatic necrosis","volume":"18","author":"Bello","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vigia, E., Ramalhete, L., Ribeiro, R., Barros, I., Chumbinho, B., Filipe, E., Pena, A., Bicho, L., Nobre, A., and Carrelha, S. (2023). Pancreas Rejection in the Artificial Intelligence Era: New Tool for Signal Patients at Risk. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13071071"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vegni, F., D\u2019Alessandris, N., Santoro, A., Angelico, G., Scaglione, G., Carlino, A., Arciuolo, D., Valente, M., Sfregola, S., and Natale, M. (2023). Primary Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Breast Intermixed with Pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: The First Report of This Rare Association. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13060948"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-005-1031-y","article-title":"Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery","volume":"12","author":"Mori","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-015-1366-9","article-title":"Pancreatic Fistula and Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreatectomy: Where do We Stand?","volume":"77","author":"Javed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaballah, A.H., Kazi, I.A., Zaheer, A., Liu, P.S., Badawy, M., Moshiri, M., Ibrahim, M.K., Soliman, M., Kimchi, E., and Elsayes, K.M. (2024). Imaging after Pancreatic Surgery: Expected Findings and Postoperative Complications. RadioGraphics, 44.","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.230061"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2018.01.041","article-title":"The outcomes and complications of pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure): Cross sectional study","volume":"52","author":"Karim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-011-0429-y","article-title":"Dunking pancreaticojejunostomy versus duct-to-mucosa anastomosis","volume":"18","author":"Kennedy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2022.04.006","article-title":"Complications of modern pancreaticoduodenectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Kokkinakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marin, D., Cappabianca, S., Serra, N., Sica, A., Lassandro, F., D\u2019Angelo, R., La Porta, M., Fiore, F., and Somma, F. (2015). CT Appearance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Locoregional Treatments: A Comprehensive Review. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/670965"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campa, D., Gentiluomo, M., Stein, A., Aoki, M.N., Oliverius, M., Vodi\u010dkov\u00e1, L., Jamroziak, K., Theodoropoulos, G., Pasquali, C., and Greenhalf, W. (2023). The PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium: Ten years\u2019 experience of association studies to understand the genetic architecture of pancreatic cancer. Crit. Rev. Oncol.\/Hematol., 186.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2023.104020"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-025-01954-8","article-title":"Profile and methodology of ancillary protective measures employed during percutaneous renal cryoablation in a single high-volume centre","volume":"130","author":"Orkut","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-025-01963-7","article-title":"Pancreatic changes in patients with visceral fat obesity: An evaluation with contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography with automated three-dimensional volumetry","volume":"130","author":"Hideura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-025-01987-z","article-title":"Deep learning reconstruction for accelerated 3-D magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography","volume":"130","author":"Brendel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner, M.A., Cox, K.E., Neel, N., Amirfakhri, S., Nishino, H., Clary, B.M., Hosseini, M., Natarajan, G., Mallya, K., and Mohs, A.M. (2023). Highly Selective Targeting of Pancreatic Cancer in the Liver with a Near-Infrared Anti-MUC5AC Probe in a PDOX Mouse Model: A Proof-of-Concept Study. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050857"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v5.i3.252","article-title":"Pancreatitis-imaging approach","volume":"5","author":"Busireddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ioannidis, A., Menni, A., Tzikos, G., Ioannidou, E., Makri, G., Vouchara, A., Goulas, P., Karlafti, E., Psoma, E., and Mavropoulou, X. (2023). Surgical Management of Groove Pancreatitis: A Case Report. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13040644"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14600","article-title":"Pancreas fat content, insulin homeostasis and circulating endothelial microparticles in male essential hypertensive patients","volume":"25","author":"Stiefel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-023-01609-6","article-title":"Branch duct-intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs): An MRI-based radiomic model to determine the malignant degeneration potential","volume":"128","author":"Flammia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731268","article-title":"Noninvasive Imaging Prior to Biliary Interventions","volume":"38","author":"Catania","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3390\/tomography10030024","article-title":"Dual-Energy CT in Oncologic Imaging","volume":"10","author":"Foti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tomogr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2018-0175","article-title":"Can microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma be predicted by diagnostic imaging? A critical review","volume":"14","author":"Reginelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33128-3_1","article-title":"Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis","volume":"1213","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"Chan, R., Kumar, G., Abdullah, B., Ng, K., Vijayananthan, A., Mohd Nor, H., and Liew, Y. (2011). Optimising the scan delay for arterial phase imaging of the liver using the bolus tracking technique. Biomed. Imaging Interv. J., 7."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300000816","article-title":"Optimization of automatic bolus tracking for timing of the arterial phase of helical liver CT","volume":"11","author":"Sandstede","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S223","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2019.06.02","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of adrenal gland: State of the art","volume":"8","author":"Maestroni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gland Surg."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.83060","article-title":"Imaging of the pancreas: Recent advances","volume":"15","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7864","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i24.7864","article-title":"Imaging diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sengupta, N., Kastenberg, D.M., Bruining, D.H., Latorre, M., Leighton, J.A., Brook, O.R., Wells, M.L., Guglielmo, F.F., Naringrekar, H.V., and Gee, M.S. (2024). The Role of Imaging for GI Bleeding: ACG and SAR Consensus Recommendations. Radiology, 310.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232298"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2021.05.002","article-title":"Computed Tomography Techniques, Protocols, Advancements, and Future Directions in Liver Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, H., Zuo, H.-D., Lin, Q., Yang, D.-D., Zhou, T., Tang, M.-Y., W\u00e1ng, Y.X.J., and Zhang, X.-M. (2019). MR imaging for acute pancreatitis: The current status of clinical applications. Ann. Transl. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.05.37"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-018-1579-z","article-title":"Utility of the portal venous phase for diagnosing pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis using the CT severity index","volume":"43","author":"Noda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Abdom. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popoviciu, M.S., Kaka, N., Sethi, Y., Patel, N., Chopra, H., and Cavalu, S. (2023). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Autoimmune Diseases: A Critical Review of the Association and the Application of Personalized Medicine. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13030422"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowzer, D., Zameer, M., Conroy, M., Kolch, W., and Duffy, A.G. (2022). Targeting KRAS in Pancreatic Cancer. J. Pers. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111870"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"761","article-title":"Justification and Optimization Principles of ALARA in Pediatric CT at a Teaching Hospital in Ethiopia","volume":"30","author":"Solomon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ethiop. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2015.09.006","article-title":"Imaging Patients With Alimentary Tract Perforation: Literature Review","volume":"37","author":"Faggian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"107","article-title":"Enhancing the Clinical Value of Medical Laboratory Testing","volume":"38","author":"Sikaris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Biochemist. Rev."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2011.110180","article-title":"The answer is 17 years, what is the question: Understanding time lags in translational research","volume":"104","author":"Morris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001524","article-title":"Congenital Solitary Kidney from Birth to Adulthood","volume":"205","author":"Marzuillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reginelli, A., Patan\u00e8, V., Urraro, F., Russo, A., De Chiara, M., Clemente, A., Atripaldi, U., Balestrucci, G., Buono, M., and D\u2019Ippolito, E. (2023). Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Bone Metastases Treated with Radiotherapy in Palliative Intent: A Multicenter Prospective Study on Clinical and Instrumental Evaluation Assessment Concordance (MARTE Study). Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142334"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinelli, E., Sforza, V., Cardone, C., Capasso, A., Nappi, A., Martini, G., Napolitano, S., Rachiglio, A.M., Normanno, N., and Cappabianca, S. (2017). Clinical outcome and molecular characterisation of chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients with long-term efficacy of regorafenib treatment. ESMO Open, 2.","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2017-000177"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.06.018","article-title":"Validation of DWI in assessment of radiotreated bone metastases in elderly patients","volume":"33","author":"Reginelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urraro, F., Nardone, V., Reginelli, A., Varelli, C., Angrisani, A., Patan\u00e8, V., D\u2019Ambrosio, L., Roccatagliata, P., Russo, G.M., and Gallo, L. (2021). MRI Radiomics in Prostate Cancer: A Reliability Study. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.805137"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murali, S., Ding, H., Adedeji, F., Qin, C., Obungoloch, J., Asllani, I., Anazodo, U., Ntusi, N.A.B., Mammen, R., and Niendorf, T. (2024). Bringing MRI to low- and middle-income countries: Directions, challenges and potential solutions. NMR Biomed., 37.","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4992"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"e14","article-title":"Value of MRI in medicine: More than just another test?","volume":"49","author":"Kuhl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13477","article-title":"Mortality burden of pre-treatment weight loss in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Bonomi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"62","article-title":"Ultrasound delta-radiomics during radiotherapy to predict recurrence in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Fatima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-024-01838-3","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of delayed-phase imaging in Contrast-Enhanced Mammography on breast cancer staging: A comparative study of abbreviated versus complete protocol","volume":"129","author":"Abruzzese","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-025-01983-3","article-title":"Accuracy of abbreviated magnetic resonance compared to 3-dimensional mammography and ultrasound in early detection of breast cancer","volume":"130","author":"Garwany","year":"2025","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iacobellis, F., Brillantino, A., Renzi, A., Monaco, L., Serra, N., Feragalli, B., Iacomino, A., Brunese, L., and Cappabianca, S. (2016). MR Imaging in Diagnosis of Pelvic Floor Descent: Supine versus Sitting Position. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract., 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6594152"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/ird3.95","article-title":"Clinical applications, safety profiles, and future developments of contrast agents in modern radiology: A comprehensive review","volume":"2","author":"Najjar","year":"2024","journal-title":"iRADIOLOGY"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7621","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-23-603","article-title":"The role of iodinated contrast media in computed tomography structured Reporting and Data Systems (RADS): A narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Parillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-015-0549-6","article-title":"Use of contrast media in diagnostic imaging: Medico-legal considerations","volume":"120","author":"Pomara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kajiwara, T., Midorikawa, Y., Yamazaki, S., Higaki, T., Nakayama, H., Moriguchi, M., Tsuji, S., and Takayama, T. (2016). Clinical score to predict the risk of bile leakage after liver resection. BMC Surg., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-016-0147-0"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.12.002","article-title":"Bile leakage after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: A definition and grading of severity by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery","volume":"149","author":"Koch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.18295\/2075-0528.2813","article-title":"Role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation of biliary disease","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-23-784","article-title":"Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: An overview of evaluation and treatment strategies","volume":"15","author":"Asbun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belfiore, M.P., Reginelli, A., Maggialetti, N., Carbone, M., Giovine, S., Laporta, A., Urraro, F., Nardone, V., Grassi, R., and Cappabianca, S. (2020). Preliminary results in unresectable cholangiocarcinoma treated by CT percutaneous irreversible electroporation: Feasibility, safety and efficacy. Med. Oncol., 37.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-020-01360-2"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5852","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06113-y","article-title":"Lesion detection performance of an abbreviated gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI protocol for colorectal liver metastasis surveillance","volume":"29","author":"Canellas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-023-01679-6","article-title":"New microvascular ultrasound techniques: Abdominal applications","volume":"128","author":"Cannella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v14.i9.896","article-title":"Central pancreatectomy for benign or low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors in the neck and body of the pancreas","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, Z., Dai, H., Chen, X., Gao, L., Chen, X., Yan, C., Ye, R., and Li, Y. (2023). Delta-radiomics models based on multi-phase contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can preoperatively predict glypican-3-positive hepatocellular carcinoma. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1138239"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2019.05.11","article-title":"Current state of the art imaging approaches for colorectal liver metastasis","volume":"9","author":"Hazhirkarzar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820510028936","article-title":"Complications of pancreatic surgery","volume":"7","author":"Ho","year":"2005","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2023.03.015","article-title":"Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics signature for predicting hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha expression in retroperitoneal sarcoma","volume":"78","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020191470","article-title":"Radiomic Features at Contrast-enhanced CT Predict Recurrence in Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multi-Institutional Study","volume":"294","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.10.057","article-title":"Machine-learning analysis of contrast-enhanced CT radiomics predicts recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection: A multi-institutional study","volume":"50","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, M., Zhang, Y., Gao, G., Xi, Q., Yang, Y., Yan, L., Zhou, H., Zhao, Y., Wu, C., and Wang, L. (2018). MRI Contrast Agents Based on Conjugated Polyelectrolytes and Dendritic Polymers. Macromol. Rapid Commun., 39.","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201800258"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202367","article-title":"MRI Findings of Liver Parenchyma Peripheral to Colorectal Liver Metastasis: A Potential Predictor of Long-term Prognosis","volume":"297","author":"Nakai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renzulli, M., Clemente, A., Ierardi, A.M., Pettinari, I., Tovoli, F., Brocchi, S., Peta, G., Cappabianca, S., Carrafiello, G., and Golfieri, R. (2020). Imaging of Colorectal Liver Metastases: New Developments and Pending Issues. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12010151"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, J., Liu, K., Liu, M., and Zhan, S. (2022). Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of an Intrahepatic Bile Duct Adenoma: A Case Report. Cureus, 14.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.27082"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.02.013","article-title":"Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Findings Correlate with Pathologic Grades of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"47","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-011-0129-9","article-title":"Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: The ABC of MRCP","volume":"3","author":"Griffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"S75","article-title":"Hepatobiliary contrast agents for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiologia"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.21037\/gs-23-29","article-title":"Hepatobiliary-specific magnetic resonance contrast agents: Role in biliary trauma","volume":"12","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gland Surg."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"268","article-title":"Pancreatic fistula and postoperative pancreatitis after pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer","volume":"3","author":"Ryska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2880-4","article-title":"Non-invasive detection of biliary leaks using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR cholangiography: Comparison with T2-weighted MR cholangiography","volume":"23","author":"Pirimoglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kul, M., Erden, A., and D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli Atman, E. (2017). Diagnostic value of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR cholangiography in non-invasive detection of postoperative bile leakage. Br. J. Radiol., 90.","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160847"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2012.00508.x","article-title":"Multimodality imaging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Shrikhande","year":"2012","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2020-0018","article-title":"Primary Cutaneous DLBCL Non-GCB Type: Challenges of a Rare Case","volume":"15","author":"Sica","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Med."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6673","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31110492","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients with Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy","volume":"31","author":"Nardone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.05.002","article-title":"Intra-abdominal drainage after pancreatic resection: Is it really necessary? A meta-analysis of short-term outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Rondelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs5.50272","article-title":"Association of bacteria in pancreatic fistula fluid with complications after pancreatic surgery","volume":"4","author":"Demir","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJS Open"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S120217","article-title":"Postoperative pancreatic fistula: A review of traditional and emerging concepts","volume":"11","author":"Nahm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2012.120505","article-title":"CT differentiation of abscess and non-infected fluid in the postoperative neck","volume":"54","author":"Yoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W32","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.14056","article-title":"Acute Pancreatitis: Revised Atlanta Classification and the Role of Cross-Sectional Imaging","volume":"205","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rashid, M., Aljohani, M., and Al Mufareh, B. (2021). Pneumatosis intestinalis with pneumobilia. BMJ Case Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-241823"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005226","article-title":"Postpancreatectomy Acute Pancreatitis (PPAP): Definition and Grading From the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS)","volume":"275","author":"Marchegiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quero, G., Fiorillo, C., Massimiani, G., Lucinato, C., Menghi, R., Longo, F., Laterza, V., Schena, C.A., De Sio, D., and Rosa, F. (2023). The Impact of Post-Pancreatectomy Acute Pancreatitis (PPAP) on Long-Term Outcomes after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Single-Center Propensity-Score-Matched Analysis According to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) Definition. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15102691"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13495","article-title":"Ultra high-frequency ultrasound: New capabilities for nail anatomy exploration","volume":"44","author":"Berritto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2018.10.018","article-title":"Gunshot Wounds: Ballistics and Imaging Findings","volume":"40","author":"Pinto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2019.01.06","article-title":"Bleeding complications after pancreatic surgery: Interventional radiology management","volume":"8","author":"Biondetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gland Surg."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2007.02.001","article-title":"Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH): An International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) definition","volume":"142","author":"Wente","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-017-0761-7","article-title":"Gastroduodenal stenting: Is still useful in the treatment of malignant obstruction?","volume":"122","author":"Crivelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"297","article-title":"Pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery following pancreatoduodenectomy. Stenting for hemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Neoral","year":"2014","journal-title":"Videosurgery Miniinv."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-007-0361-2","article-title":"Sentinel bleeding after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A disregarded sign","volume":"12","author":"Treckmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceppa, E.P., El-Hayek, K.M., Hogg, M.E., and Pecorelli, N. (2025). Post-Pancreatectomy Hemorrhage. The SAGES Manual of Evolving Techniques in Pancreatic Surgery, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78409-5"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-001-0041-8","article-title":"Hemosuccus pancreaticus: Diagnosis with CT and MRI and treatment with transcatheter embolization","volume":"27","author":"Koizumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Abdom. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001892","article-title":"The Cost of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Versus the Cost of Pasireotide: Results from a Prospective Randomized Trial","volume":"265","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smits, F.J., Henry, A.C., van Eijck, C.H., Besselink, M.G., Busch, O.R., Arntz, M., Bollen, T.L., van Delden, O.M., van den Heuvel, D., and van der Leij, C. (2020). Care after pancreatic resection according to an algorithm for early detection and minimally invasive management of pancreatic fistula versus current practice (PORSCH-trial): Design and rationale of a nationwide stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial. Trials, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4167-9"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5916-y","article-title":"Multidetector CT findings differ between surgical grades of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13879","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i38.13879","article-title":"Treatment of severe acute pancreatitis and its complications","volume":"20","author":"Zerem","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukushima, R., Harimoto, N., Araki, K., Hoshino, K., Hagiwara, K., Kawai, S., Ishii, N., Tsukagoshi, M., Igarashi, T., and Kubo, N. (2025). Impact of body composition on the development of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Surg. Today, epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-025-03039-5"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.11192","article-title":"Preoperative body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis can predict pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery","volume":"40","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2021.04.008","article-title":"Postoperative biliary anastomotic strictures after pancreaticoduodenectomy","volume":"23","author":"Javed","year":"2021","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumonceau, J.M., Delhaye, M., Charette, N., and Farina, A. (2020). Challenging biliary strictures: Pathophysiological features, differential diagnosis, diagnostic algorithms, and new clinically relevant biomarkers\u2014Part 1. Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol., 13.","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284820927292"},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"316","article-title":"Management of Biliary Strictures After Liver Transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Villa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.01.015","article-title":"Bisphenol A exposure inhibits contrast sensitivity in cats involving increased response noise and inhibitory synaptic transmission","volume":"157","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, S., Wu, J., Xu, S., Li, Q., and He, J. (2023). Clinical-radiomic analysis for non-invasive prediction of liver steatosis on non-contrast CT: A pilot study. Front. Genet., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1071085"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2015.02.001","article-title":"Mechanism of the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy","volume":"3","author":"Nagaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"BBA Clin."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozic, D., Podrug, K., Mikolasevic, I., and Grgurevic, I. (2022). Ultrasound Methods for the Assessment of Liver Steatosis: A Critical Appraisal. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102287"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13068","article-title":"The effect of computed tomography parameters on sarcopenia and myosteatosis assessment: A scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Lortie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11001-1","article-title":"Evaluation of MRI proton density fat fraction in hepatic steatosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Azizi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2011.100414","article-title":"Ischemic liver injuries after hepatic artery embolization in patients with delayed postoperative hemorrhage following hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery","volume":"52","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v15.i7.1501","article-title":"Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy from multi-port to reduced-port surgery approach","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nardone, V., Belfiore, M.P., De Chiara, M., De Marco, G., Patan\u00e8, V., Balestrucci, G., Buono, M., Salvarezza, M., Di Guida, G., and D\u2019Angiolella, D. (2023). CARdioimaging in Lung Cancer PatiEnts Undergoing Radical RadioTherapy: CARE-RT Trial. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13101717"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottaiano, A., Grassi, F., Sirica, R., Genito, E., Ciani, G., Patan\u00e8, V., Monti, R., Belfiore, M.P., Urraro, F., and Santorsola, M. (2024). Associations between Radiomics and Genomics in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Utilizing Computed Tomography and Next-Generation Sequencing: An Exploratory Study. Genes, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15060803"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2762-z","article-title":"Re-resection for isolated local recurrence of pancreatic cancer is feasible, safe, and associated with encouraging survival","volume":"20","author":"Strobel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.08.009","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Conroy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.10.002","article-title":"The prediction of surgical complications using artificial intelligence in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: A systematic review","volume":"171","author":"Stam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgery"}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/6\/220\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:42:12Z","timestamp":1760031732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/6\/220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"references-count":162,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm15060220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm15060220","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]}}}