{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:15:47Z","timestamp":1790151347905,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal","award":["SFRH\/BD\/140874\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/140874\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal","award":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"]}]},{"name":"R&amp;D Units funding","award":["SFRH\/BD\/140874\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/140874\/2018"]}]},{"name":"R&amp;D Units funding","award":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Scapular adaptations have been associated with shoulder pain. However, conflicting findings have been reported after scapular-focused interventions. The present study aims to evaluate scapula-related outcomes before and after a scapular therapeutic exercise program. Methods: Eighteen adult volunteers with chronic shoulder pain participated in an 8-week scapular therapeutic exercise program that was personalized according to their pain condition and the presence of scapular dyskinesis. This program included preparation and warm-up, scapular neuromotor control, and strengthening and stretching exercises. Both self-reported (shoulder pain and function, psychosocial factors, and self-impression of change) and performance-based outcomes (scapular muscular stiffness and activity level, tridimensional motion, rhythm, and movement quality, measured while participants drank a bottle of water) were used for analysis. Results: After the intervention, participants presented reduced shoulder pain (p &lt; 0.0001) and pain catastrophizing (p = 0.004) and increased shoulder function (p &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, the participants presented changes in scapular winging (p &lt; 0.0001 to p = 0.043), increased scapular downward rotation (p &lt; 0.0001) and depression (p = 0.038), and decreased global movement smoothness (p = 0.003). These were associated with changes in serratus anterior activity (p = 0.016 to p = 0.035), decreased middle (p &lt; 0.0001 to p = 0.002) and lower trapezius (p &lt; 0.0001) and levator scapulae (p = 0.048) activity levels, and decreased middle trapezius muscle stiffness (p = 0.014). Patients\u2019 self-perception of change was rated favorably. Conclusions: After a scapular therapeutic exercise program, changes were observed in both self-reported and performance-based outcomes. These results need to be confirmed by a randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15070285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:35:52Z","timestamp":1751517352000},"page":"285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Shoulder and Scapular Function Before and After a Scapular Therapeutic Exercise Program for Chronic Shoulder Pain and Scapular Dyskinesis: A Pre\u2013Post Single-Group Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S. C.","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o (CIR), Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Actividade F\u00edsica, Sa\u00fade e Lazer (CIAFEL), Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biomec\u00e2nica do Porto (LABIOMEP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Aplicada em Sa\u00fade (CIIAS), Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Campus do IPS Estefanilha, 2914-503 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana L.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o (CIR), Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o (CIR), Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo B.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisioterapia, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Campus do IPS Estefanilha, 2914-503 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrada em Sa\u00fade (CHRC), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biomec\u00e2nica do Porto (LABIOMEP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Forma\u00e7\u00e3o, Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Interven\u00e7\u00e3o em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9528-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia S. 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