{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T14:15:20Z","timestamp":1783433720119,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Proper nasal irrigation techniques are essential for treating nasal and sinus conditions, influencing drug delivery efficiency and patient comfort. This study evaluates how different head positions\u2014upright, right-tilted, and left-tilted\u2014affect the distribution of saline solution in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Methods: CFD simulations were conducted on a CT-based model of a healthy adult. A 4 mL saline solution was administered into the right nostril over three seconds. Fluid distribution and percentage of nasal mucosa coverage was analyzed in the inferior, middle, and superior thirds of the nasal cavity and the right maxillary sinus. Results: In the upright position, fluid primarily accumulated in the inferior (0.075 mL) and middle (0.015 mL) nasal regions, with minimal sinus penetration (0.002 mL). Right-tilting improved maxillary sinus coverage (0.028 mL) and increased irrigation of the inferior region (0.086 mL), while left-tilting enhanced central nasal coverage with only slight sinus penetration improvement. Irrigation patterns exhibited a rapid initial wetting phase followed by a slower, steady increase. Conclusions: Head position significantly influences the distribution achieved by nasal irrigation. These findings can guide clinical recommendations for specific conditions or postoperative care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15070288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T09:57:39Z","timestamp":1751536659000},"page":"288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations to Personalize Nasal Irrigations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Radulesco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IUSTI Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, 13001 Marseille, France"},{"name":"ENT-HNS Department, La Conception University Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Ebode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUSTI Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, 13001 Marseille, France"},{"name":"ENT-HNS Department, La Conception University Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1388-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT-HNS Department, La Conception University Hospital, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Meister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUSTI Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, 13001 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5034-4210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane","family":"Gargula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUSTI Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, 13001 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUSTI Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille University, 13001 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13344","article-title":"Correlations between computational fluid dynamics and clinical evaluation of nasal airway obstruction due to septal deviation: An observational study","volume":"44","author":"Radulesco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-020-01212-5","article-title":"ACE2 & TMPRSS2 Expressions in Head & Neck Tissues: A Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"Lechien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/7\/288\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:04:03Z","timestamp":1760033043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/7\/288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm15070288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm15070288","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]}}}