{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:00:01Z","timestamp":1774540801665,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patient-specific technologies within the field of adult spinal deformity (ASD) aid surgeons in pre-surgical planning, accurately help identify anatomical landmarks, and can project optimal post-surgical sagittal alignment. This narrative review aims to discuss the current uses of patient-specific technologies in ASD and identify new innovations that may very soon be integrated into patient care. Pre-operatively, machine learning or artificial intelligence helps surgeons to simulate post-operative alignment and provide information for the 3D-printing of pre-contoured rods and patient-specific cages. Intraoperatively, robotic surgery and intraoperative guides allow for more accurate positioning of implants. Implant materials are being developed to allow for better osseointegration and patient outcome monitoring. Despite the significant promise of these technologies, work still needs to be performed to ensure their accuracy, safety, and cost efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15100480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T07:57:27Z","timestamp":1759478247000},"page":"480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Current Applications and Future Directions of Technologies Used in Adult Deformity Surgery for Personalized Alignment: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4976-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taikhoom M.","family":"Dahodwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7617-5200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noel O.","family":"Akioyamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5178-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rami Z.","family":"AbuQubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuyi Alexander","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priya K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0191-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Berman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5536-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"De la Garza Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaroslav","family":"Gelfand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saikiran G.","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Krystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ananth S.","family":"Eleswarapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5886-546X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell S.","family":"Fourman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2020.0568","article-title":"Adult Spinal Deformity: Current Concepts and Decision-Making Strategies for Management","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"100531","article-title":"Spinal alignment and surgical correction in the aging spine and osteoporotic patient","volume":"19","author":"Metkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. 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