{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:19:40Z","timestamp":1790313580225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are characterized by persistent inflammation, malnutrition, and immune dysfunction, all of which contribute to poor outcomes in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The C-reactive protein albumin lymphocyte (CALLY) index has been proposed as a novel biomarker that integrates these mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the CALLY index together with established markers, including the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) for all-cause mortality in HD patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 106 patients undergoing HD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were obtained three months after the effects of HD initiation was reviewed. Results: During a median follow-up of 24.5 months, 29 patients (27.3 percent) died. Non-survivors were significantly older (65.3 vs. 52.5 years, p &lt; 0.001), had a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (31 percent vs. 2.6 percent, p &lt; 0.001), or shorter dialysis duration (14 vs. 27 months, p &lt; 0.001). They also showed lower hemoglobin (9.2 vs. 10.1 g\/dL, p = 0.007), creatinine (5.3 vs. 6.3 mg\/dL, p = 0.048), and albumin levels (28 vs. 34 g\/L, p = 0.001), as well as a higher MLR (0.329 vs. 0.254, p = 0.014). In multivariate analysis, age, CAR, and NLR independently predicted mortality, explaining 83.8% of the variation. ROC analysis identified age and MLR as significant predictors, with MLR showing a high negative predictive value (83.9%). The CALLY index did not demonstrate independent prognostic value. Conclusions: Age, CAR, NLR, and MLR were independent predictors of mortality in HD patients, whereas the CALLY index was not prognostic in this cohort. Among these markers, MLR may be a practical biomarker with strong negative predictive power. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15100489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T07:17:52Z","timestamp":1760512672000},"page":"489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prediction of Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients Using Inflammation- and Nutrition-Based Indices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0155-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umit","family":"Cakmak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antalya Memorial Hospital, Nephrology Clinic, 07025 Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8850-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurgul","family":"Sevimli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy, University of Health Sciences, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, 42130 Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suleyman","family":"Akkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, 42130 Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7846-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozgur","family":"Merhametsiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeni Yuzyil University, Private Gaziosmanpasa Hospital, 34245 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.04.006","article-title":"Executive summary of the 2017 KDIGO Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) Guideline Update: What\u2019s changed and why it matters","volume":"92","author":"Ketteler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadatane, S.P., Satariano, M., Massey, M., Mongan, K., and Raina, R. 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