{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:56:12Z","timestamp":1787928972492,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Transarterial embolization nowadays has a pivotal role in non-operative management strategies of post-traumatic bleeding. Timely control of hemorrhage is critical in trauma care; however, the impact of procedural timing remains underexplored. This single-center study, conducted at a Level II trauma center with 24\/7 interventional radiology coverage, evaluated the influence of interval time on embolization outcomes in post-traumatic bleeding patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, 182 trauma patients who underwent embolization between June 2020 and June 2025 were analyzed. Patients were stratified by CT-to-angiography interval time (\u22641 h [early, n = 46] and &gt;1 h [delayed, n = 136]). Hemodynamic parameters, laboratory values, transfusion needs, and outcomes were compared and adjusted for baseline differences. Results: Early group patients showed more severe baseline physiology, including hypotension, higher lactates, and lower hemoglobin. No significant differences were found in mortality (2.9% vs. 2.5%), hospital stay (18.7 \u00b1 26.1 vs. 18.1 \u00b1 22.2 days), or transfusion requirements. Embolizations within one hour from CT were associated with significant lactate reduction at 24 h in univariate analysis (p = 0.039), but this was not confirmed in multivariate analysis. Re-embolization (8.7% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.036) and surgical rescue (13.0% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.033) rates were more frequent in the early group. Conclusions: Early embolization improves metabolic parameters in post-traumatic bleeding, especially in patients with greater baseline severity of injuries. These findings support prioritization of early embolization and structured interventional radiology networks for timely procedures. A personalized approach according to baseline injury is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15110528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T17:32:01Z","timestamp":1762191121000},"page":"528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Computed Tomography-to-Angiography Interval Time on Outcomes of Transarterial Embolization in Post-Traumatic Bleeding: A Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4226-4579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Carrubba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Via Antonio Cardarelli 9, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Giurazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Via Antonio Cardarelli 9, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2593-8148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Corvino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Via Antonio Cardarelli 9, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Capozzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Niola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, Cardarelli Hospital, Via Antonio Cardarelli 9, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamasurg.387","article-title":"The prospective, observational, multicenter, major trauma transfusion (PROMMTT) study: Comparative effectiveness of a time-varying treatment with competing risks","volume":"148","author":"Holcomb","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Impact of hemorrhage on trauma outcome: An overview of epidemiology, clinical presentations, and therapeutic considerations","volume":"60","author":"Kauvar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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