{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T02:57:41Z","timestamp":1771037861302,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and chronic hyperglycemia. Recent studies have identified microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, as modulators of pathways involved in T2DM pathophysiology. Dysregulated miRNA expression has been detected in various samples collected from patients with T2DM, implicating these molecules in disease onset and progression. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published from the earliest available records to 18 August 2025 using the following Boolean search terms: \u201cmiRNA AND gliclazide\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND glibenclamide\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND gliquidone\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND glimepiride\u201d, \u201cmirRNA AND metformin\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND pioglitazone\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND rosiglitazone\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND sitagliptin\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND vildagliptin\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND alogliptin\u201d, \u201cmiRNA and saxagliptin\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND linagliptin\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND liraglutide\u201d, \u201cmiRNA and dulaglutide\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND semaglutide\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND tirzepatide\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND lixisenatide\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND empagliflozin\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND dapagliflozin\u201d, miRNA AND insulin glargine\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND insulin detemir\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND insulin degludec\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND insulin aspart\u201d, \u201cmiRNA AND insulin glulisine\u201d, and \u201cmiRNA AND insulin lispro\u201d. Additionally, gray literature was searched in ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT), and the ISRCTN Registry to identify unpublished studies. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were clinical interventional studies assessing the impact of currently available antidiabetic treatments on miRNA expression. Only articles published in English were considered. The risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB2 (Risk of Bias 2) and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies\u2014of Interventions) tools. Study characteristics and major findings were tabulated. Results: A total of 1263 manuscripts was identified initially. After removing duplicates, 726 articles remained for further screening. Ultimately, 17 manuscripts reporting interventional clinical trials on the effects of antidiabetic treatment on miRNA were included, encompassing a total of 1093 patients. Key findings included treatment-associated changes in miRNA expression and their potential utility for the prediction of clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Current evidence supports the hypothesis that antidiabetic treatments modulate miRNA expression, with some findings showing predictive value for metabolic outcomes. However, the available data remain limited and of low grade of certainty, and further large-scale clinical studies are needed to provide deeper insights into these associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15110539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T10:08:51Z","timestamp":1762423731000},"page":"539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the Evidence for Personalized Pharmacotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9076-9870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Velimir","family":"Altabas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Sestre Milosrdnice UHC, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Marinkovi\u0107 Rado\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Sestre Milosrdnice UHC, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S002","article-title":"2. 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