{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:09:34Z","timestamp":1788826174123,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bladder cancer (BC) represents a major global health issue with high recurrence and significant mortality rates in cases of advanced disease. Currently, the development of molecular profiling, liquid biopsy technologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) software has resulted in unprecedented opportunities to improve diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and treatment selection. Recent multicenter studies have identified emerging metabolomic, proteomic, and genomic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity that may help replace or complement invasive approaches. AI-driven models that combine multi-omics datasets with radiomics and clinical parameters have demonstrated improved accuracy for predicting both therapeutic response and long-term outcomes, compared to standard approaches for risk stratification. Additionally, the incremental clinical usefulness of liquid biopsy platforms has been demonstrated for the monitoring of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and minimal disease detection. As these innovations converge, they herald the advent of a new era of personalized management of urothelial carcinoma; however, broad-based clinical implementation will require large-scale validation, standardization, regulatory harmonization, and economic analyses. Background: Bladder cancer continues to be a global health problem, particularly in the advanced disease setting where treatment options are limited, and mortality remains high. The exciting advances in precision medicine, including breakthrough molecular profiling techniques, liquid biopsy, and opportunities to apply AI to interpret these molecular data, hold unprecedented promise in improving the accuracy of diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and therapeutic decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm16010025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T10:03:48Z","timestamp":1767607428000},"page":"25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Emerging Molecular and Computational Biomarkers in Urothelial Carcinoma: Innovations in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Response Prediction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Alberca-del Arco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (HUVV), 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Genitourinary Alliance for Research and Development (GUARD Consortium)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Santos-Perez de la Blanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (HUVV), 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Genitourinary Alliance for Research and Development (GUARD Consortium)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-5511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa Maria","family":"Matas-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Universidad de M\u00e1laga (UMA), 29071 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6235-4897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Herrera-Imbroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (HUVV), 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND), 29590 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Genitourinary Alliance for Research and Development (GUARD Consortium)"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidad de M\u00e1laga (UMA), 29071 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0767-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Guerrero-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genitourinary Alliance for Research and Development (GUARD Consortium)"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda. 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