{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T06:14:27Z","timestamp":1772000067989,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The clinical superiority of rotating-bearing (RB) versus fixed-bearing (FB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial despite the proposed biomechanical advantages of mobile-bearing designs. Objective gait assessment with inertial measurement units (IMUs) provides a measurable view of functional recovery that may complement patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This study compared spatiotemporal gait parameters between FB and RB TKA over 24 months. Methods: This prospective longitudinal comparative study enrolled 57 patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA for end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Spatiotemporal gait parameters (gait velocity, cadence, and stance-phase duration) were measured using wireless IMUs (G-WALK system) at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery. WOMAC and the 10-point Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-10P) were assessed at 12 and 24 months. Group, time, and Group \u00d7 Time effects were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Both groups improved during follow-up, with performance largely plateauing between 12 and 24 months. At 24 months, there were no significant differences between groups in gait velocity (FB 1.17 vs. RB 1.16 m\/s; p = 0.65), cadence (99.8 vs. 97.4 steps\/min; p = 0.72), or stance-phase duration (59.3% vs. 59.0%; p = 0.82). Group \u00d7 Time interactions were not significant across gait outcomes. WOMAC and GLFS-10P improved similarly in both groups (p &gt; 0.05). Cadence was inversely correlated with the WOMAC function subscale at 24 months (rho = \u22120.563; p = 0.036). Conclusions: FB and RB bearing designs showed similar objective gait recovery trajectories and PROM improvements through 24 months after primary TKA, suggesting no intermediate-term functional advantage from bearing design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm16020126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T08:58:21Z","timestamp":1771837101000},"page":"126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Fixed Versus Rotating Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective 24-Month Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6550-4037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei Machado Viegas da","family":"Trindade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Municipal Hospital of Aparecida de Goi\u00e2nia (HMAP), Aparecida de Goi\u00e2nia 74936-600, Brazil"},{"name":"Health Sciences Program, Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo 01221-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Pinheiro","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Evangelica of Goi\u00e1s, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1411-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder Rocha da Silva","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Goi\u00e2nia 74605-050, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2597-1172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo Borges","family":"Parreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement Analysis Laboratory, University Evangelica of Goi\u00e1s, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0645-5500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Santili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Program, Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo 01221-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Santos","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Program, Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo 01221-020, Brazil"},{"name":"Human Movement Analysis Laboratory, University Evangelica of Goi\u00e1s, An\u00e1polis 75083-515, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2552","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_237_24","article-title":"Long-term Assessment of Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty","volume":"16","author":"Sivaram","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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