{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T09:57:28Z","timestamp":1773655048128,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Oncological therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes but are increasingly associated with renal toxicity, which can markedly influence therapeutic decisions. Integrating early identification of kidney injury into clinical workflows is essential for personalized medicine, allowing treatment tailoring based on individual risk profiles. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney Disease (CKD); assess indices of renal function recovery in patients who developed AKI; and investigate the incidence of renal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients receiving immunotherapy. Materials: Renal function, serum electrolytes, inflammatory markers, blood gas analysis, and urinalysis were evaluated at baseline before oncological therapy (T0), after approximately 2 weeks (T1), and after 3 months (T2). Results: Seventy patients were analyzed (median age 71.5 years). AKI occurred in 43 patients (61.4%) and CKD in 18 (25.7%). Patients receiving immunotherapy displayed significantly higher blood urea nitrogen (p &lt; 0.01) and creatinine (p &lt; 0.01) levels compared to those undergoing traditional therapies (targeted therapy and chemotherapy). Treatment discontinuation was required in 14 (56%) immunotherapy patients versus 7 (19.4%) receiving traditional therapy (anti-VEGF and cisplatin) (p &lt; 0.01). Among 25 immunotherapy-treated patients, 13 (52%) developed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Patients with irAEs predominantly experienced AKI (92.3%), whereas those without irAEs showed both AKI and CKD (44.4%) (p &lt; 0.01). Treatment discontinuation occurred in 84.6% of patients with irAEs compared to 11.1% without irAEs (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: We showed a high incidence of AKI and CKD among cancer patients; in particular, the majority of patients receiving immunotherapy presented irAEs. CKD also occurs in association with comorbidities, such as previous use of NSAIDs, investigations with contrast agents and episodes of AKI on CKD determined by drugs. It seems necessary for there to be multidisciplinary collaboration between oncologists and nephrologists to individualize treatment plans; thus allowing the non-suspension of therapy, which positively influences the prognosis of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm16030163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T08:41:26Z","timestamp":1773650486000},"page":"163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Renal Involvement in Cancer Patients Undergoing Oncology Therapies: Implications for Personalized Treatment Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7199-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Punzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolfo M.","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Guaglianone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pharmacy, \u201cAzienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Roma 4\u201d, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4553-1756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silverio","family":"Rotondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6395-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Men\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, St. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4702-5171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pietro Valdoni\u201d Department of Surgery, Policlinico \u201cUmberto I\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7330-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cL.Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1319-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Polistena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pietro Valdoni\u201d Department of Surgery, Policlinico \u201cUmberto I\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lida","family":"Tartaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8867-3979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Tinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, St. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Barattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Botticelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4943-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Scagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0132-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna P.","family":"Mittherhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pintus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration (2022). 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