{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:04:59Z","timestamp":1791612299112,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":302,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in neuronal communication, synaptic plasticity and vascular regulation. Due to its important function in neuronal homeostasis, NO imbalance is associated with neurodegeneration. Specifically, in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), an excessive amount of NO, mostly produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), reacts with superoxide to form peroxynitrite, driving oxidative\/nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aberrant protein modifications. In AD, NO dysregulation promotes amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic loss, creating a self-perpetuating cycle of neuronal damage. NO\u2019s dual role, protective at physiological levels but harmful if overproduced, underscores the therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds that restore the balance of NO\/NOS (especially iNOS) while preserving physiological functions. However, despite the emerging role of antioxidant-based therapeutic approaches, clinical translation is limited by the complexity of NO signaling and the absence of safe, specific NOS inhibitors. By targeting the molecular switch from protective to toxic, NO activity may offer new personalized treatment avenues for neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm16050246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:33:17Z","timestamp":1777627997000},"page":"246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Bright and Dark Sides of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3393-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Buccarello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9309-1666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costanza","family":"Montagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Di Matteo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Mangione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9618-3563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Carota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1007-9918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Sibbitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romana","family":"Jarosova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Lunte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"},{"name":"Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1639-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Lazzarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-5327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Faculty of Medicine, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1021\/tx300042g","article-title":"Connecting the chemical and biological properties of nitric oxide","volume":"25","author":"Toledo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. 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