{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:37:25Z","timestamp":1791578245614,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by intermittent motor\/phonic tics and frequent behavioral comorbidity. Poor sleep quality is often reported by patients with tic disorders; however, little is known about the prevalence and clinical correlates of disruption in sleep physiology. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of clinical studies evaluating sleep using at least one validated sleep outcome (questionnaire, polysomnography, or coded clinical diagnosis). Results: Despite high heterogeneity in age ranges, diagnostic formulations, outcome measures, and confounder handling, converging evidence across designs indicated a significantly higher prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders compared to controls. Specifically, registries showed significantly greater insomnia rates (aOR 6\u20137); case\u2013control studies revealed a 9-fold increase in night-waking, bedtime resistance, parasomnias, and daytime drowsiness; polysomnography studies demonstrated sleep fragmentation, with decreased efficiency, longer latency, and more awakenings. Conclusions: Sleep disorders are relatively common in patients with Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders, with clinical implications for both arousal instability and sleep initiation\/maintenance issues. Further research is needed to better understand the complex interplay between altered sleep patterns and tic expression, as well as the impact of behavioral comorbidities. Our findings highlight a need for personalized treatment interventions focusing on sleep problems in the context of tic disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm16060309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T05:43:46Z","timestamp":1780897426000},"page":"309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sleep Disorders in Patients with Tics: Towards Personalized Care for Tourette Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kashish K.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Birmingham and Solihull Menatal Health NHS Foundation Trust and School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2FG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0925-1255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea E.","family":"Cavanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Birmingham and Solihull Menatal Health NHS Foundation Trust and School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2FG, UK"},{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"},{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology and University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-13554-5.00013-4","article-title":"Clinical presentation of tics and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"215","author":"Cavanna","year":"2026","journal-title":"Handb. 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