{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T09:03:09Z","timestamp":1785488589858,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Pers. Med.","JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic wounds pose a persistent therapeutic challenge. Type I collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) support tissue repair, but real-world evidence for describing their combined use in padformulations is limited. This study provides a real-world description of clinical outcomes observed within a tailored management, including Type I Collagen\u2013Hyaluronic Acid pads (HCHA), on healing trajectories across diverse chronic wound etiologies. Methods: This retrospective observational analysis included 64 patients treated between 2017 and 2024 for chronic wounds, including burns (n = 32) and trophic ulcers of various etiologies (n = 32). Clinical data, including wound characteristics, daily healing rate (DHR), and procedural pain assessed using repeated VAS measurements, were extracted from medical records. Results: The daily healing rate (DHR) ranged from 3.22% in neglected burn wounds to 2.03% in non-burn chronic wounds. Percent area reduction (PAR) analysis at 7, 14, and 30 days showed greater wound area reduction in burn wounds (20%, 36%, and 62%) compared with non-burn wounds (13%, 25%, and 45%). Procedural pain decreased in both cohorts, with burn injuries presenting higher baseline VAS scores but following a similar downward trajectory over time (p &lt; 0.001), converging to comparably low levels by day 30. Overall, the findings describe the outcomes observed within an individualized, multimodal wound care approach, which incorporates HCHA pads tailored to wound-specific characteristics. Conclusions: In this retrospective observational study, patients treated with HCHA pads as part of individualized multimodal wound care exhibited progressive granulation, favorable wound-healing trajectories, and lower procedural pain levels. Further controlled studies are warranted to validate these results and refine the patient selection criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm16080412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:46:41Z","timestamp":1785487601000},"page":"412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Outcomes of an Individualized Multimodal Chronic Wound Management Protocol Using Type I Collagen\u2013Hyaluronic Acid Pads: Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5120-9926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Stanescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Gala\u021bi, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Medical-Pharmaceutical Research Center, Integrated Laboratory of Microbiology, Immunology, Nutrition, and Genetics, Domneasc\u0103 Street no. 47, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina Teodora","family":"Pintilie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department ENT, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana Elena","family":"Bogdan Goroftei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Gala\u021bi, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Domneasc\u0103 Street no. 47, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalina Nicoleta","family":"Matei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Gala\u021bi, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Dental Medicine, Domneasc\u0103 Street no. 47, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iulia","family":"Chiscop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Gala\u021bi, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinical Surgical Department, Domneasc\u0103 Street no. 47, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9265-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Boev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Gala\u021bi, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Domneasc\u0103 Street no. 47, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3969-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florina","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Gala\u021bi, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinical Surgical Department, Medical-Pharmaceutical Research Center, Integrated Laboratory of Surgical Techniques and Medical Imaging, Domneasc\u0103 Street no. 47, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Tamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Surgical Department, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoszewska, M., Sokolewicz, E.M., and Bara\u0144ska-Rybak, W. (2024). Wide Use of Hyaluronic Acid in the Process of Wound Healing\u2014A Rapid Review. Sci. Pharm., 92.","DOI":"10.3390\/scipharm92020023"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudhakar, K., Ji, S.M., Kummara, M.R., and Han, S.S. (2022). Recent Progress on Hyaluronan-Based Products for Wound Healing Applications. Pharmaceutics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14102235"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15052","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15052","article-title":"Elastin and collagen fibres in cutaneous wound healing","volume":"33","author":"Gardeazabal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2024.2402364","article-title":"Collagen-based nanofibers: Revolutionizing therapeutics for impaired wound healing","volume":"74","author":"Sabarees","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.10.005","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic wounds in the general population: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"29","author":"Martinengo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"159","article-title":"Chronic Wounds: Evaluation and Management","volume":"101","author":"Bowers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0478-y","article-title":"Chronic Wound Healing: A Review of Current Management and Treatments","volume":"34","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2025.5567","article-title":"Cell migration in diabetic wound healing: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (Review)","volume":"56","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14085-1","article-title":"A novel photosynthetic biologic topical gel for enhanced localized hyperoxygenation augments wound healing in peripheral artery disease","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12678","article-title":"In vitro studies evaluating the effects of biofilms on wound-healing cells: A review","volume":"125","author":"Kirker","year":"2017","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Criollo-Mendoza, M.S., Contreras-Angulo, L.A., Leyva-L\u00f3pez, N., Guti\u00e9rrez-Grijalva, E.P., Jim\u00e9nez-Ortega, L.A., and Heredia, J.B. (2023). Wound Healing Properties of Natural Products: Mechanisms of Action. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020598"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.05.010","article-title":"Challenges in the management of chronic wound infections","volume":"26","author":"Falcone","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dallo, M., Patel, K., and Hebert, A.A. (2023). Topical Antibiotic Treatment in Dermatology. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020188"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2014.906547","article-title":"Topical antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical wound infections from dermatologic procedures: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Saco","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13824","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13824","article-title":"Topical antibiotics in the dermatological clinical practice: Indications, efficacy, and adverse effects","volume":"33","author":"Bonamonte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adnan, S.B., Maarof, M., Fauzi, M.B., and Md Fadilah, N.I. (2025). Antimicrobial Peptides in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: Dual Roles in Immunity and Microbial Defense. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26135920"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12929","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides and wound healing: Biological and therapeutic considerations","volume":"25","author":"Mangoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2020.06.024","article-title":"A novel human ex-vivo burn model and the local cooling effect of a bacterial nanocellulose-based wound dressing","volume":"46","author":"Holzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2100477","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100477","article-title":"Wound Healing: From Passive to Smart Dressings","volume":"10","author":"Farahani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, D.S., Seong, K.-Y., Lee, H., Kim, M.J., An, S.-M., Jeong, J.S., Kim, S.Y., Kang, H.-G., Jang, S., and Hwang, D.-Y. (2024). Antiadhesive Hyaluronic Acid-Based Wound Dressings Promote Wound Healing by Preventing Re-Injury: An In Vivo Investigation. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12030510"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.7181\/acfs.2024.00381","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of hyaluronic acid-based dressing versus hydrocolloid dressing in rat dermal wound healing","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Craniofacial Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12760","article-title":"Enzymatic debridement with collagenase in wounds and ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Patry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12021","DOI":"10.1002\/bmm2.12021","article-title":"Responsive hydrogel dressings for intelligent wound management","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMEMat"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, Z., Zhang, C., Wang, T., and Xu, J. (2023). Advances in Functional Hydrogel Wound Dressings: A Review. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15092000"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavakoli, S., and Klar, A.S. (2020). Advanced Hydrogels as Wound Dressings. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10081169"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almuhanna, Y. (2025). Microbial Biofilms as Barriers to Chronic Wound Healing: Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Advances. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14228121"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu444","article-title":"Executive Summary: Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"59","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"23","article-title":"A Comparison Of The Verbal Rating Scale And The Visual Analog Scale For Pain Assessment","volume":"8","author":"Cork","year":"2003","journal-title":"Internet J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jemnoschi-Hreniuc, I.-M., Garlescu, N., Moraru, D.-C., Moraru, M.-C., Statescu, G., Luca, C., Stanescu, C., Tecuceanu, A., Bozomitu, L.-I., and Tamas, C. (2021, January 18\u201319). Digital Dermoscopy Thechnology in Precise early melanoma detection\u2014Prognosis and New Treatment Options. Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB), Iasi, Romania.","DOI":"10.1109\/EHB52898.2021.9657710"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000481545","article-title":"Consensus on Wound Antisepsis: Update 2018","volume":"31","author":"Kramer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Skin. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00328.x","article-title":"Early healing rates and wound area measurements are reliable predictors of later complete wound closure","volume":"16","author":"Cardinal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2011.0308","article-title":"Wound Healing Angiogenesis: Innovations and Challenges in Acute and Chronic Wound Healing","volume":"1","author":"Durham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2022.31.10.882","article-title":"Impaired wound healing in diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Swoboda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.18662\/brain\/14.4\/526","article-title":"Depression in the Diabetic Patient","volume":"14","author":"Anghel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain. Broad Res. Artif. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000221465.69826.b7","article-title":"Wound Healing in Denervated Tissue","volume":"57","author":"Barker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamas, C., Jemnoschi Hreniuc, I.M., Tecuceanu, A., Ciuntu, B.M., Ibanescu, C.L., Tamas, I., Ianole, V., Stanescu, C., Pintilie, C.T., and Moraru, D.C. (2021). Non-Melanoma Facial Skin Tumors\u2014The Correspondence between Clinical and Histological Diagnosis. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11167543"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.70594\/brain\/15.3\/8","article-title":"Investigating the Connection Between Skin Cancers and Mental Disorders: A Thorough Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Stanescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BRAIN Broad Res. Artif. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colangelo, M.T., Belletti, S., Govoni, P., Guizzardi, S., and Galli, C. (2021). A Biomimetic Polynucleotides\u2013Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Promotes Wound Healing in a Primary Gingival Fibroblast Model. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11104405"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2303414","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202303414","article-title":"Hydrophobic Tetracycline Immobilized in Fibrous Hyaluronan Regulates Adhesive Collagen-Based Hydrogel Stability for Infected Wound Healing","volume":"19","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"105","article-title":"Improving flexor tendon gliding by using the combination of carboxymethylcellulose-polyethylene oxide on murine model","volume":"23","author":"Pasca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Francesco, F., De Francesco, M., and Riccio, M. (2022). Hyaluronic Acid\/Collagenase Ointment in the Treatment of Chronic Hard-to-Heal Wounds: An Observational and Retrospective Study. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030537"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberts, A., Bratu, A.G., Niculescu, A.-G., and Grumezescu, A.M. (2025). Collagen-Based Wound Dressings: Innovations, Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications. Gels, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11040271"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2024.0141","article-title":"Percentage area reduction at week 4 as a prognostic indicator of complete healing in patients treated with standard of care: A post hoc analysis","volume":"33","author":"Serena","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2023.0117","article-title":"Percentage Area Reduction as Surrogate for Complete Healing of Hard-to-Heal Wounds: A Review of Clinical Trials","volume":"33","author":"Lammert","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Wound Care."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2024.0135","article-title":"The Use of a Multimodal Wound Matrix to Treat a Variety of Hard-to-Heal Wounds: A Case Series Surveillance","volume":"33","author":"Swain","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verd\u00fa-Soriano, J., Casado-D\u00edaz, A., de Cristino-Espinar, M., Luna-Morales, S., Dios-Guerra, C., Moreno-Moreno, P., Dorado, G., Quesada-G\u00f3mez, J.M., Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1as, L., and L\u00e1zaro-Mart\u00ednez, J.L. (2023). Hard-to-Heal Wound Healing: Superiority of Hydrogel EHO-85 (Containing Olea europaea Leaf Extract) vs. a Standard Hydrogel. A Randomized Controlled Trial. Gels, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9120962"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Angelis, S., Conti, A., Di Nunzio, A., Stoppa, P., Zanchi, F., and Dimonte, V. (2025). Treatment of Wounds That Are Difficult to Heal with Photobiomodulation: A Pilot Study. Healthcare, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13141652"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118498","article-title":"Innovative therapies for diabetic foot ulcers: Application and prospects of smart dressings","volume":"191","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cristea, A.-G., Lis\u0103, E.-L., Iacob, S., Dragostin, I., \u0218tefan, C.S., Fulga, I., Anghel, A.M., Dragan, M., Morariu, I.D., and Dragostin, O.-M. (2025). Antimicrobial Smart Dressings for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Wound Care. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18060825"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-025-05753-z","article-title":"Multifunctional Polymeric Wound Dressings","volume":"82","author":"Soylu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.70594\/brain\/16.S1\/26","article-title":"Education of Patients and Their Families to Manage Emotional Impact of Skin Scars","volume":"16","author":"Stanescu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BRAIN Broad Res. Artif. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balikji, J., Hoogbergen, M.M., Garssen, J., and Verster, J.C. (2022). Mental Resilience, Mood, and Quality of Life in Young Adults with Self-Reported Impaired Wound Healing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052542"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., and Ge, L. (2025). Smart Biomaterials in Wound Healing: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in Intelligent Dressing Design. Bioengineering, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12111178"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70044","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.70044","article-title":"Addressing Current Challenges in Hydrogel Wound Dressing Strategies for Chronic Wound Management: Advances and Future Directions","volume":"114","author":"Fadhilah","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/16\/8\/412\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:48:34Z","timestamp":1785487714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/16\/8\/412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm16080412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm16080412","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]}}}