{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:50:24Z","timestamp":1790214624716,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK072488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK072488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 HL77107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 HL77107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is the most common form of non-ischemic chronic heart failure. Despite the higher prevalence of IDC in African Americans, the genetics of IDC have been relatively understudied in this ethnic group. We performed a genome-wide association study to identify susceptibility genes for IDC in African Americans recruited from five sites in the U.S. (662 unrelated cases and 1167 controls). The heritability of IDC was calculated to be 33% (95% confidence interval: 19\u201347%; p = 6.4 \u00d7 10\u22127). We detected association of a variant in a novel intronic locus in the CACNB4 gene meeting genome-wide levels of significance (p = 4.1 \u00d7 10\u22128). The CACNB4 gene encodes a calcium channel subunit expressed in the heart that is important for cardiac muscle contraction. This variant has not previously been associated with IDC in any racial group. Pathway analysis, based on the 1000 genes most strongly associated with IDC, showed an enrichment for genes related to calcium signaling, growth factor signaling, neuronal\/neuromuscular signaling, and various types of cellular level signaling, including gap junction and cAMP signaling. Our results suggest a novel locus for IDC in African Americans and provide additional insights into the genetic architecture and etiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm8010011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T03:36:12Z","timestamp":1519702572000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["A Genome-Wide Association Study of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in African Americans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8118-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huichun","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Dorn II","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8790-7649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amol","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Parihar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Dave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8922-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Gottlieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Tomaselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1930-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA"},{"name":"Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Braxton","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Liggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, and the Center for Personalized Medicine and Genomics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; For the Genetics of African American Heart Failure (GAAHF) Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Writing Group Members, Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E.J., Go, A.S., Arnett, D.K., Blaha, M.J., Cushman, M., Das, S.R., de Ferranti, S., and Despres, J.P. 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