{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T22:48:43Z","timestamp":1765493323327,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]],"date-time":"2020-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exhibited protean clinical manifestations. Olfactory and gustatory abnormalities (anosmia and ageusia) were observed in COVID-19 patients, but the reported prevalence varied. In this systematic review, the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory abnormalities (OGA) was evaluated in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. On 8 May 2020, 14,506 articles were screened, while 12 of them were enrolled. A total of 1739 COVID-19 patients were analyzed, with a wide range of prevalence observed (5.6\u201394%). The pooled prevalence was 48.5% with high heterogeneity (I2, 98.8%; p &lt; 0.0001). In total, 15.5% had OGA as their first symptom (I2, 22.6%; p = 0.27) among the patients analyzed. Contradictory to COVID-19 negative controls, patients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of OGA (odds ratio, 5.3; I2, 66.5%; p = 0.03). In conclusion, approximately half of COVID-19 patients had OGA, and one-seventh of them had OGA as their initial symptoms. OGA were cardinal symptoms of COVID-19, which may serve as clues for early diagnosis. Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 was suggested in patients with OGA during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate quarantine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life10090158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,23]],"date-time":"2020-08-23T21:28:06Z","timestamp":1598218086000},"page":"158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["One-Seventh of Patients with COVID-19 Had Olfactory and Gustatory Abnormalities as Their Initial Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2385-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3966-5021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan-Chang","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Chih","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Hsu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu city 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0433-1072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Lin","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Dar","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jyun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8547-9860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boon Fatt","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu city 30059, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4630-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,22]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"WHO (2020, July 01). 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