{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T16:23:07Z","timestamp":1764433387141,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) project, RESPONSE","award":["03ZZ0928 -L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ0928 -L"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease in the general population that is increasing in incidence and prevalence, severely affecting patients\u2019 quality of life. Medical treatment for CRS includes self-management techniques, topical and oral medical treatments, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). FESS is a standard procedure to restore sinus ventilation and drainage by physically enlarging the inflamed sinus passageways. Nasal drug-releasing stents are implanted to keep the surgically expanded aperture to the sinus frontalis open. The outcome of such an intervention is highly variable. We defined the anatomical structures which should be removed, along with \u2018no-go areas\u2019 which need to be preserved during FESS. Based on these definitions, we used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to measure the dimensions of the frontal neo-ostium in 22 patients. We demonstrate anatomical variability in the volume and diameter of the frontal sinus recess after surgery. This variability could be the cause of therapy failure of drug-eluting implants after FESS in some patients. Implants individually made to fit a given patient\u2019s postsurgical anatomy may improve the therapeutic outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life10120353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T10:42:47Z","timestamp":1608201767000},"page":"353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High Variability of Postsurgical Anatomy Supports the Need for Individualized Drug-Eluting Implants to Treat Chronic Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziwen","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u2018Hearing4all\u2019 EXC 1077\/1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3953-112X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farnaz","family":"Matin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f6rSys GmbH, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lenarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u2018Hearing4all\u2019 EXC 1077\/1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8618-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Scheper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence \u2018Hearing4all\u2019 EXC 1077\/1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02646.x","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe\u2014An underestimated disease. 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