{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:55:14Z","timestamp":1762005314629,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A number of genes are associated with the incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip\/palate (NSCL\/P). Studies have shown a significant association between polymorphisms of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 4 (ABCA4) with the risk of NSCL\/P. The present meta-analysis assessed the association between ABCA4 polymorphisms (rs560426 and rs481931) and the NSCL\/P risk by reviewing case-control studies. Methods: Four databases (Scopus; Cochrane Library; Web of Science; and PubMed) were searched for articles published up to June 2020. The Review Manager 5.3 software was used to calculate the crude odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Both subgroup analyses for ethnicity and source of controls and a meta-regression related to publication year were conducted. Results: Of 94 retrieved studies, 12 were analyzed in this meta-analysis (2859 NSCL\/P patients and 3792 controls for ABCA4 rs560426 polymorphism and 1333 NSCL\/P patients and 1884 controls for ABCA4 rs481931 polymorphism). Overall, there was no significant association between both polymorphisms and the risk of NSCL\/P. However, subgroup analysis demonstrated that there was a higher risk of NSCL\/P for specific models: the allelic model (OR = 1.13; p = 0.03), the homozygote model (OR = 1.53; p = 0.04), and the recessive model (OR = 1.30; p = 0.03) in the Asian ethnicity for the rs560426 polymorphism. Conclusion: The findings confirmed that the NSCL\/P risk was significantly associated with the G allele and GG genotype of rs560426 polymorphism but not for rs481931 polymorphism. There were no associations between both polymorphisms (rs560426 and rs481931) and the NSCL\/P risk in those of European descent and the mixed ethnicities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11010058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1610714645000},"page":"58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family A, Member 4 (rs560426 and rs481931) and Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip\/Palate: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Moslem","family":"Imani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6713954658, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3586-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran"},{"name":"Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2775-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh Kumar","family":"Tadakamadla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Research and National Health and Medical Research Council Fellow, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4214, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4704-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette","family":"Br\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1301-5522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dena","family":"Sadeghi Bahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran"},{"name":"Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran"},{"name":"Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983963113, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2175-2765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran"},{"name":"Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60695-4","article-title":"Cleft lip and palate","volume":"374","author":"Mossey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000337464","article-title":"Epidemiology of oral clefts 2012: An international perspective","volume":"16","author":"Mossey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. 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