{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:37:23Z","timestamp":1788968243003,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cavalier Matters Charity","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]},{"name":"Hannah Hasty Memorial Fund","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brachycephalic dogs remain popular, despite the knowledge that this head conformation is associated with health problems, including airway compromise, ocular disorders, neurological disease, and other co-morbidities. There is increasing evidence that brachycephaly disrupts cerebrospinal fluid movement and absorption, predisposing ventriculomegaly, hydrocephalus, quadrigeminal cistern expansion, Chiari-like malformation, and syringomyelia. In this review, we focus on cerebrospinal fluid physiology and how this is impacted by brachycephaly, airorhynchy, and associated craniosynostosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11020139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T18:45:00Z","timestamp":1613155500000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Need for Head Space: Brachycephaly and Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3366-2110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Rusbridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health &amp; Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK"},{"name":"Fitzpatrick Referrals, Godalming GU7 2QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8727-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penny","family":"Knowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health &amp; Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Packer, R.M.A., O\u2019Neill, D.G., Fletcher, F., and Farnworth, M.J. 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