{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T02:38:48Z","timestamp":1786675128904,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["364653263\u2014TRR 235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["364653263\u2014TRR 235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hans-Fischer-Gesellschaft","award":["origin of life"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["origin of life"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thiophene was detected on Mars during the Curiosity mission in 2018. The compound was even suggested as a biomarker due to its possible origin from diagenesis or pyrolysis of biological material. In the laboratory, thiophene can be synthesized at 400 \u00b0C by reacting acetylene and hydrogen sulfide on alumina. We here show that thiophene and thiophene derivatives are also formed abiotically from acetylene and transition metal sulfides such as NiS, CoS and FeS under simulated volcanic, hydrothermal conditions on Early Earth. Exactly the same conditions were reported earlier to have yielded a plethora of organic molecules including fatty acids and other components of extant metabolism. It is therefore tempting to suggest that thiophenes from abiotic formation could indicate sites and conditions well-suited for the evolution of metabolism and potentially for the origin-of-life on extraterrestrial planets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11020149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T08:09:09Z","timestamp":1613462949000},"page":"149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Formation of Thiophene under Simulated Volcanic Hydrothermal Conditions on Earth\u2014Implications for Early Life on Extraterrestrial Planets?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2157-8958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Geisberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 4, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Sobotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 4, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9832-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Eisenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 4, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1204-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Lichtenbergstra\u00dfe 4, 85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aas9185","article-title":"Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars","volume":"360","author":"Eigenbrode","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2019.2139","article-title":"Thiophenes on Mars: Biotic or Abiotic Origin?","volume":"20","author":"Heinz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astrobiology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1039\/b517676j","article-title":"Carbon molecules in space: From astrochemistry to astrobiology","volume":"133","author":"Ehrenfreund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1039\/b103775g","article-title":"Organic compounds in carbonaceous meteorites","volume":"19","author":"Sephton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. 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