{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T17:13:40Z","timestamp":1782321220920,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206619_Z_17_Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206619_Z_17_Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000615","name":"Fight for Sight UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Thomas Pocklington Trust","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The photopic negative response (PhNR) is a negative component of the photopic flash electroretinogram that follows the b-wave and is thought to arise from the retinal ganglion cells. Reduction in its amplitude in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has been previously documented using formal electroretinography. This study explored the use of a handheld device (RETeval, LKC technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) in 72 IIH patients of varying stages and severity (and seven controls) and investigated associations between PhNR parameters and disease severity. PhNR amplitudes at 72 ms (P72) and p-ratio (ratio to b-wave peak value) differed significantly across groups, with a trend towards smaller amplitudes in those with severe IIH, defined as papilloedema with Modified Fris\u00e9n Scale (MFS) \u2265 3, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) \u2265 150 \u03bcm or atrophic papilloedema (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.018 for P72 and p-ratio, respectively). PhNR parameters did not correlate with MFS, RNFL thickness, standard automated perimetry mean deviation or macular ganglion cell layer volume. This study suggests that PhNR measurement using a handheld device is feasible and could potentially augment the assessment of disease severity in IIH. The clinical utility of PhNR monitoring in IIH patients requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11050437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T11:10:06Z","timestamp":1620904206000},"page":"437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploratory Study of the Association between the Severity of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Electroretinogram Photopic Negative Response Amplitude Obtained Using a Handheld Device"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6163-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antony","family":"Raharja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Eye Unit, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guys &amp; St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2396-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun M.","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK"},{"name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guys &amp; St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK"},{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathura","family":"Indusegaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guys &amp; St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK"},{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guys &amp; St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK"},{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1254-0832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar A.","family":"Mahroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guys &amp; St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK"},{"name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK"},{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sui H.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Eye Unit, St Thomas\u2019 Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Guys &amp; St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK"},{"name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayreh, S.S. 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Technol.","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.9.19"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/11\/5\/437\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:00:32Z","timestamp":1760162432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/11\/5\/437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["life11050437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11050437","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]}}}