{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:57:34Z","timestamp":1790395054902,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["40001860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40001860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fonds sp\u00e9ciaux \u00e0 la recherche, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge","award":["R.CFRA.2991-J-F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.CFRA.2991-J-F"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equine atypical myopathy is a seasonal intoxication of grazing equids. In Europe, this poisoning is associated with the ingestion of toxins contained in the seeds and seedlings of the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). The toxins involved in atypical myopathy are known to inhibit \u00df-oxidation of fatty acids and induce a general decrease in mitochondrial respiration, as determined by high-resolution respirometry applied to muscle samples taken from cases of atypical myopathy. The severe impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics induced by the toxins may explain the high rate of mortality observed: about 74% of horses with atypical myopathy die, most within the first two days of signs of poisoning. The mechanism of toxicity is not completely elucidated yet. To improve our understanding of the pathological process and to assess therapeutic candidates, we designed in vitro assays using equine skeletal myoblasts cultured from muscle biopsies and subjected to toxins involved in atypical myopathy. We established that equine primary myoblasts do respond to one of the toxins incriminated in the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11070719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T11:26:10Z","timestamp":1626780370000},"page":"719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In Vitro Assays for the Assessment of Impaired Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Equine Atypical Myopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4259-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline-J.","family":"Kruse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology and Sport Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Pole, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ange","family":"Mouithys-Mickalad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oxygen, Research & Development (CORD), Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Institute of Chemistry, B6a, University of Li\u00e8ge, All\u00e9e du Six Ao\u00fbt, 11, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Niesten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oxygen, Research & Development (CORD), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Institute of Chemistry, B6a, University of Li\u00e8ge, All\u00e9e du Six Ao\u00fbt, 11, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Art","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology and Sport Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8864-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Lemieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Saint-Jean and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 8406-91 Street, Edmonton, AB T6C 4G9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique-M.","family":"Votion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Pole, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12117","article-title":"Identification of methylenecyclopropyl acetic acid in serum of European horses with atypical myopathy","volume":"46","author":"Votion","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet. 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