{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:12:05Z","timestamp":1760235125872,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of endogenous mammalian cardiotonic steroids (CTS) in the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system and the kidneys has interested researchers for more than 20 years. Cardiotonic steroids extracted from toads or plants, such as digitalis, have been used to treat heart disease since ancient times. CTS, also called endogenous digitalis-like factors, take part in the regulation of blood pressure and sodium homeostasis through their effects on the transport enzyme called sodium\u2013potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na\/K-ATPase) in renal and cardiovascular tissue. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence showing deleterious effects of CTS on the structure and function of the heart, vasculature and kidneys. Understanding the role of CTS may be useful in the development of potential new therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11080727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:07:40Z","timestamp":1626998860000},"page":"727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Endogenous Mammalian Cardiotonic Steroids\u2014A New Cardiovascular Risk Factor?\u2014A Mini-Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Natalia","family":"S\u0142abiak-B\u0142a\u017c","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20\/24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8371-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Piecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20\/24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.108.000711","article-title":"Endogenous cardiotonic steroids: Physiology, pharmacology, and novel therapeutic targets","volume":"61","author":"Bagrov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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