{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T07:40:16Z","timestamp":1779176416772,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Anemia and iron deficiency are two of the main public health problems worldwide, associated with negative outcomes in surgical patients. This experimental study aimed to create a model of acute iron deficiency with anemia through blood loss and extensive surgery. Afterwards, intravenous iron was administered to correct the iron deficiency and to improve the hematological parameters in distinct moments regarding the surgical time. To assess the optimum time for therapeutic intervention, experimental subjects were compared, performing clinical, paraclinical, and histological examinations, as well. Methods: Male rats (n = 35), aged 11\u201313 months, were randomly designated into six groups. Anemia and iron deficiency were obtained through a 15% blood volume loss, followed by major surgical intervention (femur fracture and osteosynthesis using Kirschner wire). Therapeutic intervention was obtained with an intravenous ferric carboxymaltose infusion, as follows: group II: intraoperative (n = 7), group III: 48 h after surgery (n = 7), group IV: 48 h before surgery (n = 5), and group V: seven days before surgery (n = 6). Group I (n = 5) was left anemic, while group 0 (n = 5) was nonanemic without therapeutic intervention. Results and Discussion: In group I, serum iron lower than in group 0 (27.04 \u00b1 6.92 \u03bcg\/dL versus 60.5 \u00b1 2.34 \u03bcg\/dL), as well as hemoglobin (10.4 \u00b1 0.54 g\/dL versus 14.32 \u00b1 2.01 g\/dL) and ferritin values (22.52 \u00b1 0.53 ng\/mL versus 29.86 \u00b1 3.97 ng\/mL), validated the experimental model. Regarding wound healing after surgical trauma, we observed that neovascularization was more significant in group III, followed by group V, with fewer neutrophils, a well-represented and rich in lymphomonocytes inflammatory infiltrate associated with the biggest collagen fiber dimensions. The periosteal reaction and callus area presented thicker trabeculae in groups II and III compared to the anemic group. Conclusions: This original experimental study assessed the effect of perioperative intravenous iron administration at a specific time by comparing the weight, hematological, and iron status-defining parameters, as well as histological characteristics of the included subjects. The present findings highlight that correcting the iron deficiency in emergency settings through intravenous iron administration intraoperatively or 48 h postoperatively could determine the improved bioumoral parameters, as well as a better evolution of the postoperative wound and bone healing compared to the anemic group or subjects that received therapeutic intervention 48 h before surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11090898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T22:49:51Z","timestamp":1630363791000},"page":"898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Ideal Time for Iron Administration in Anemia Secondary to Blood Loss\u2014An Experimental Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mirela","family":"Tiglis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4912-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ileana","family":"Peride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucian Cristian","family":"Petcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Dentistry, \u201cOvidius\u201d University, 900684 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiberiu Paul","family":"Neagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2866-8806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Niculae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4345-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Totan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabina Andrada","family":"Zurac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, \u201cColentina\u201d Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9741-5530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionel Alexandru","family":"Checherita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana Marina","family":"Grintescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14358","article-title":"An international consensus statement on the management of postoperative anaemia after major surgical procedures","volume":"73","author":"Acheson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-017-2373-3","article-title":"Modern iron replacement therapy: Clinical and pathophysiological insights","volume":"107","author":"Girelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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