{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:37:06Z","timestamp":1792510626465,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A laparoscopic approach is suggested with the highest grade of recommendation for acute cholecystitis, perforated gastroduodenal ulcers, acute appendicitis, gynaecological disorders, and non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP). To date, the main qualities of laparoscopy for these acute surgical scenarios are clearly stated: quicker surgery, faster recovery and shorter hospital stay. For the remaining surgical emergencies, as well as for abdominal trauma, the role of laparoscopy is still a matter of debate. Patients might benefit from a laparoscopic approach only if performed by experienced teams and surgeons which guarantee a high standard of care. More precisely, laparoscopy can limit damage to the tissue and could be effective for the reduction of the overall amount of cell debris, which is a result of the intensity with which the immune system reacts to the injury and the following symptomatology. In fact, these fragments act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs, as well as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), are recognised by both surface and intracellular receptors of the immune cells and activate the cascade which, in critically ill surgical patients, is responsible for a deranged response. This may result in the development of progressive and multiple organ dysfunctions, manifesting with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coagulopathy, liver dysfunction and renal failure. In conclusion, none of the emergency surgical scenarios preclude laparoscopy, provided that the surgical tactic could ensure sufficient cleaning of the abdomen in addition to resolving the initial tissue damage caused by the \u201ctrauma\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11090917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:09:25Z","timestamp":1630933765000},"page":"917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Laparoscopy in Emergency: Why Not? Advantages of Laparoscopy in Major Emergency: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5029-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ietto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Service, Department of Surgery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Pettinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3187-2819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Iori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Carcano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4571.348","article-title":"Peritoneoscopy","volume":"2","author":"Hosford","year":"1948","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3371.254","article-title":"The uses of coelioscopy","volume":"2","author":"Short","year":"1925","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"63","article-title":"Intra-abdominal examination by the aid of the peritoneoscope","volume":"24","author":"Stone","year":"1924","journal-title":"J. Kans. Med Soc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1941.01210110074006","article-title":"Selection of cases for peritoneoscopy","volume":"42","author":"Beling","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"445","article-title":"Peritoneoscopy","volume":"36","author":"Walker","year":"1943","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"395","article-title":"The value of peritoneoscopy as a diagnostic aid in abdominal conditions","volume":"9","author":"Heselson","year":"1963","journal-title":"Central Afr. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"371","article-title":"Peritoneoscopy\u2014A review of 150 cases","volume":"39","author":"Heselson","year":"1965","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"53","article-title":"Peritoneoscopy in abdominal trauma","volume":"8","author":"Heselson","year":"1970","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(99)00052-6","article-title":"Analysis of laparoscopy in trauma","volume":"189","author":"Villavicencio","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6870","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the safety and effectiveness of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis","volume":"97","author":"Gurusamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJS"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-020-00336-x","article-title":"2020 World Society of Emergency Surgery updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute calculus cholecystitis","volume":"15","author":"Pisano","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-007-9511-6","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for severe acute cholecystitis. A meta-analysis of results","volume":"22","author":"Borzellino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.04.083","article-title":"Open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Coccolini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/486107","article-title":"Early versus Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: A Prospective Randomized Trial","volume":"2013","author":"Verma","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Minim. Invasive Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"359","article-title":"The sixth decision regarding perforated duodenal ulcer","volume":"6","author":"Lagoo","year":"2002","journal-title":"JSLS J. Soc. Laparoendosc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"CD004778","article-title":"Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease","volume":"2","author":"Sanabria","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-8266-y","article-title":"Laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer: A meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Lau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0054-y","article-title":"Randomized Clinical Trial of Laparoscopic Versus Open Repair of the Perforated Peptic Ulcer: The LAMA Trial","volume":"33","author":"Bertleff","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5155","article-title":"Systematic review comparing laparoscopic and open repair for perforated peptic ulcer","volume":"92","author":"Lunevicius","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJS"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001925","article-title":"Meta-analysis of perioperative outcomes of acute laparoscopic versus open repair of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers","volume":"85","author":"Cirocchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0283-9","article-title":"Perforated and bleeding peptic ulcer: WSES guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Tarasconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.09.10","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of acute abdominal pain in a large urban Emergency Department: Retrospective analysis of 5,340 cases","volume":"4","author":"Cervellin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Podda","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"153","article-title":"Experiences with Early Operative Interference in Cases of Disease of the Vermiform Appendix by Charles McBurney, M.D., Visiting Surgeon to the Roosevelt Hospital, New York City","volume":"26","author":"Thomas","year":"1969","journal-title":"Rev. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"195","article-title":"A new technique for resecting the non-inflamed not-adhesive appendix through a mini-laparotomy with the aid of the laparoscope","volume":"29","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch. Chir. Neerl."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-014-2095-4","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis in high risk patients","volume":"30","author":"Werkgartner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-019-0515-7","article-title":"Laparoscopy versus open appendectomy for elderly patients, a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-019-0505-9","article-title":"Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-8710-4","article-title":"The utility of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in women of reproductive age","volume":"17","author":"Bagshaw","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"440","article-title":"Laparoscopic approach ver-sus laparotomy for suspected acute appendicitis","volume":"23","author":"Casciola","year":"2002","journal-title":"Il G. Chir."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1053\/slas.2002.32091","article-title":"Laparoscopy in gynecologic emergencies","volume":"9","author":"Promecene","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin. Laparosc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"377","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness of laparo-scopic surgery in acute abdomen of gynecologic origin","volume":"66","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ginecol. Obstet. Mex."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5804.9","article-title":"Computer-aided Diagnosis of Acute Abdominal Pain","volume":"2","author":"Leaper","year":"1972","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(76)90101-X","article-title":"Abdominal pain: An analysis of 1000 consecutive cases in a university hospital emergency room","volume":"131","author":"Brewer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0564-0","article-title":"Laparoscopy for abdominal emergencies: Evidence-based guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery","volume":"20","author":"Sauerland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000246886.80424.ad","article-title":"Acute Nonspecific Abdominal Pain: A randomized, controlled trial comparing early laparoscopy versus clinical observation","volume":"244","author":"Morino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2001.13.Supplement-2.12","article-title":"Immune System and Surgical Site Infection","volume":"13","author":"Esposito","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9941.169952","article-title":"Anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery: General vs regional anaesthesia","volume":"12","author":"Bajwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Minimal Access Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000077038","article-title":"Circulatory and Respiratory Complications of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation","volume":"21","author":"Gutt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dig. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9916-x","article-title":"Modifiable surgical and anesthesiologic risk factors for the development of cardiac and pulmonary complications after laparoscopic colorectal surgery","volume":"23","author":"Hermeneit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-1-9","article-title":"Peritonitis: Laparoscopic approach","volume":"1","author":"Agresta","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0227-4","article-title":"Open conversion for laparoscopically difficult cholecystectomy is still a valid solution with unsolved aspects","volume":"14","author":"Mannino","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly, M.D. (2009). Laparoscopic retrograde (fundus first) cholecystectomy. BMC Surg., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-9-19"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2020.12.008","article-title":"Does near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography with indocyanine green reduce bile duct injuries and conversions to open surgery during laparoscopic or robotic cholecystectomy?\u2014A meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Dip","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.09.019","article-title":"Subtotal Cholecystectomy\u2013\u201cFenestrating\u201d vs \u201cReconstituting\u201d Subtypes and the Prevention of Bile Duct Injury: Definition of the Optimal Procedure in Difficult Operative Conditions","volume":"222","author":"Strasberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480707300516","article-title":"Partial cholecystectomy as a safe and viable option in the emergency treatment of complex acute cholecystitis: A case series and review of the literature","volume":"73","author":"Soleimani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0374-x","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: Safe implementation of successful strategies to reduce conversion rates","volume":"23","author":"Low","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3115-z","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tract perforation: Evaluation of MDCT according to perforation site and elapsed time","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2016.11.004","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open repair of perforated peptic ulcer: Improving outcomes utilizing a standardized technique","volume":"41","author":"Siow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v6.i1.5","article-title":"Treatment of perforated giant gastric ulcer in an emergency setting","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-008-0331-5","article-title":"Emergency spontaneous gastric perforations: Ulcus versus cancer","volume":"394","author":"Gozetlik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langenbeck\u2019s Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000146149.17411.c5","article-title":"Evidence-based Value of Prophylactic Drainage in Gastrointestinal Surgery: A systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"240","author":"Petrowsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2017.073","article-title":"Antibiotics vs. Appendectomy for Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Adults: Review of the Evidence and Future Directions","volume":"18","author":"Huston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg. Infect."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.13201","article-title":"Five-Year Follow-up of Antibiotic Therapy for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis in the APPAC Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"320","author":"Salminen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31822aa8ea","article-title":"Comparison of Outcomes of Laparoscopic and Open Appendectomy in Management of Uncomplicated and Complicated Appendicitis","volume":"254","author":"Tiwari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01086-5","article-title":"A clinical comparison of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for the treatment of complicated appendicitis: Historical cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Takami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2017.03.022","article-title":"Is laparoscopic appendectomy feasible for complicated appendicitis ?A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7370","DOI":"10.5867\/medwave.2018.08.7369","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis","volume":"18","author":"Rada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medwave"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1007\/s004640000249","article-title":"Laparoscopic management of tubo-ovarian abscesses: Retro-spective analysis of 60 cases","volume":"14","author":"Buchweitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00242-3","article-title":"Conservative medical and surgical management of interstitial ectopic pregnancy","volume":"72","author":"Lau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"81","article-title":"Laparoscopic surgery in ectopic pregnancy","volume":"164","author":"Lundorff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"239","article-title":"Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment in gynecologic emergencies","volume":"7","author":"Aulestia","year":"2003","journal-title":"JSLS J. Soc. Laparoendosc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s004640041031","article-title":"Diagnosis and laparoscopic management of a fallopian tube torsion following Irving tubal sterilization: A case report","volume":"16","author":"Sozen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(99)80091-7","article-title":"Laparoscopic detorsion allows sparing of the twisted ischemic adnexa","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Gynecol. Laparosc."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"CD011031","article-title":"Laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis","volume":"10","author":"Bafort","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"CD007683","article-title":"Laparoscopy for the management of acute lower abdominal pain in women of childbearing age","volume":"5","author":"Reveiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-007-9602-4","article-title":"The laparoscopic approach in abdominal emergencies: Has the attitude changed? A single-center review of a 15-year experience","volume":"22","author":"Agresta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anchir.2006.04.004","article-title":"Laparoscopie surgery: Guidelines of specialized societies in 2006, SFCL-SFCE","volume":"131","author":"Champault","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Chir."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-1145-4","article-title":"Early laparoscopy for the evaluation of nonspecific abdominal pain: A critical appraisal of the evidence","volume":"25","author":"Sanabria","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9759-5","article-title":"Diagnostic laparoscopy guidelines: This guideline was prepared by the SAGES Guidelines Committee and reviewed and approved by the Board of Governors of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), November 2007","volume":"22","author":"Hori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510024133","article-title":"Long-term recurrence and death rates after acute pancreatitis","volume":"41","author":"Lund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002691","article-title":"Executive summary: WSES Guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"88","author":"Tolonen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181c38f1f","article-title":"Early Cholecystectomy Safely Decreases Hospital Stay in Patients with Mild Gallstone Pancreatitis: A randomized prospective study","volume":"251","author":"Aboulian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820802247078","article-title":"Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute biliary pancreatitis: The optimal choice?","volume":"10","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32404-2","article-title":"Endoscopic or surgical step-up approach for infected necrotising pancreatitis: A multicentre randomised trial","volume":"391","author":"Bakker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.07.064","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice Update: Management of Pancreatic Necrosis","volume":"158","author":"Baron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"115","article-title":"Infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement","volume":"81","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s40137-013-0015-0","article-title":"Video-Assisted Retroperitoneal Debridement (VARD) of Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis: An Update","volume":"1","author":"Besselink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Surg. Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s005340170020","article-title":"Laparoscopic necrosectomy for acute necrotizing pancreatitis","volume":"8","author":"Pamoukian","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"CD011383","article-title":"Interventions for necrotising pancreatitis","volume":"4","author":"Gurusamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"804","article-title":"Current indications and role of surgery in the management of sigmoid diverticulitis","volume":"16","author":"Stocchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-020-00313-4","article-title":"2020 update of the WSES guidelines for the management of acute colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting","volume":"15","author":"Sartelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002145","article-title":"The evolving role of laparoscopic lavage and drainage","volume":"86","author":"Biffl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-10-3","article-title":"A proposal for a CT driven classification of left colon acute diverticulitis","volume":"10","author":"Sartelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9360","article-title":"Damage control surgery for abdominal emergencies","volume":"101","author":"Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJS"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S362","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31827019de","article-title":"Evaluation and management of small-bowel obstruction: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline","volume":"73","author":"Maung","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.08.1550","article-title":"Small-Bowel Obstruction from Adhesive Bands and Matted Adhesions: CT Differentiation","volume":"192","author":"Delabrousse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e587","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.587","article-title":"Adhesive small bowel obstruction\u2014An update","volume":"7","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acute Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-6-5","article-title":"Bologna Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction (ASBO): 2010 Evidence-Based Guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery","volume":"6","author":"Catena","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of the laparoscopic approach in the surgical management of acute adhesive small bowel obstruction","volume":"19","author":"Poves","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Surg."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"1058","article-title":"Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for recurrent postoperative small bowel obstruction","volume":"51","author":"Tsumura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepato-gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-4-3","article-title":"Feasibility of laparoscopy for small bowel obstruction","volume":"4","author":"Farinella","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4177","article-title":"Laparoscopic compared with conventional treatment of acute adhesive small bowel obstruction","volume":"90","author":"Wullstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJS"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-007-9212-1","article-title":"Laparoscopic vs. open surgery for acute adhesive small-bowel obstruction: Patients\u2019 outcome and cost-effectiveness","volume":"21","author":"Khaikin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0004-8682.2001.02222.x","article-title":"French Association for Surgical Research Laparoscopic treatment of acute small bowel obstruction: A multicentre retrospective study","volume":"71","author":"Levard","year":"2001","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"327","article-title":"Laparoscopic approach to incarcerated and strangulated inguinal hernias","volume":"13","author":"Deeba","year":"2009","journal-title":"JSLS J. Soc. Laparoendosc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0857-9","article-title":"The combined laparoscopic approach for the treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia","volume":"24","author":"Hoffman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"407","article-title":"Laparoscopic Transabdominal Pre-Peritoneal (TAPP) procedure\u2014Step-by-step tips and tricks","volume":"109","author":"Moldovanu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chirurgia"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10029-007-0305-5","article-title":"Laparoscopic trans-peritoneal hernioplasty (TAPP) for the acute management of strangulated inguino-crural hernias: A report of nine cases","volume":"12","author":"Legnani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hernia"},{"key":"ref_100","unstructured":"Sartelli, M., and Catena, F. (2008). Emergency Surgery Manual, Alpes Italia."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0150-5","article-title":"Acute mesenteric ischemia: Guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery","volume":"12","author":"Bala","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2009.12.002","article-title":"Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: Diagnostic Approach and Surgical Treatment","volume":"23","author":"Wyers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574418805228","article-title":"Contemporary Management of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in the Endovascular Era","volume":"53","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-009-4140-4","article-title":"Indications and procedures for second-look surgery in acute mesenteric ischemia","volume":"40","author":"Meng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg. Today"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sle.0000136677.39377.62","article-title":"Laparoscopic \u201cSecond-Look\u201d in the Management of Mesenteric Ischemia","volume":"14","author":"Anadol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg. Laparosc. Endosc. Percutaneous Tech."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l536","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l536","article-title":"Management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"364","author":"Stanley","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/145749690909800302","article-title":"Acute Lower Gi Bleeding for the Acute Care Surgeon: Current Diagnosis and Management","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-002-0928-7","article-title":"The role of laparoscopy in the management of lower gastro-intestinal bleeding","volume":"19","author":"Loh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ciresp.2009.03.022","article-title":"Urgent intraoperative total enteroscopy with colonoscopy by means of a double enterotomy in a severe lower digestive tract haemorrhage","volume":"86","author":"Carro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cirug\u00eda Espa\u00f1ola"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"217","article-title":"Recurrent lower digestive hemorrhage in young adults: A surgical indication","volume":"21","author":"Tordjman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.4961","article-title":"Laparoscopic resection for incidentally detected Meckel diverticulum","volume":"14","author":"Bona","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"625","article-title":"Severe lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by colonic angiodys-plasia. Diagnosis and management","volume":"98","author":"Montoya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Espa\u00f1ola Enferm. Dig."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"420","article-title":"Restorative proctocolectomy with an ileoanal pouch: The role of laparoscopy","volume":"98","author":"Plasencia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Espa\u00f1ola Enferm. Dig."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(00)00345-7","article-title":"Relaparoscopy for the detection and treatment of complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"179","author":"Dexter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-008-0515-x","article-title":"Early Relaparoscopy for Management of Suspected Postoperative Complications","volume":"12","author":"Kirshtein","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.21608\/ejsur.2009.367602","article-title":"Laparoscopy for the evaluation of anterior abdominal stab wounds in hemodynamically stable patients","volume":"28","author":"Hassanen","year":"2009","journal-title":"EJS"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199501000-00016","article-title":"Complications of Negative Laparotomy for Truncal Stab Wounds","volume":"38","author":"Leppaniemi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Trauma: Inj. Infect. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-1-24","article-title":"Emergency laparoscopy \u2013 current best practice","volume":"1","author":"Warren","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-8831-9","article-title":"Laparoscopic repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries","volume":"17","author":"Matthews","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649901213","article-title":"Laparoscopic repair of a ruptured diaphragm secondary to blunt trauma","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)80031-2","article-title":"Therapeutic laparoscopy in trauma","volume":"170","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-010-9218-6","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Surgery in Trauma and Emergencies","volume":"36","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-010-0485-5","article-title":"Value of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Laparoscopy for Abdominal Stab Wounds","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0768-9","article-title":"Laparoscopic splenectomy for severe blunt trauma: Initial experience of ten consecutive cases with a fast hemostatic technique","volume":"24","author":"Carobbi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000063000.05274.A4","article-title":"Diagnostic Laparoscopy in Abdominal Stab Wounds: A Prospective, Randomized Study","volume":"55","author":"Haapiainen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Trauma: Inj. Infect. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"926","article-title":"Role of laparoscopy in blunt abdominal trauma: A comparative prospective cohort study between laparoscopy and laparotomy in patients with blunt abdominal trauma","volume":"4","author":"Abdelshafy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199306000-00013","article-title":"A critical evaluation of laparoscopy in penetrating abdominal trauma","volume":"34","author":"Ivatury","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Trauma: Inj. Infect. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-8808-8","article-title":"Therapeutic laparoscopy for abdominal trauma","volume":"17","author":"Chol","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-9049-6","article-title":"Role of laparoscopy in blunt perforations of the small bowel","volume":"17","author":"Mathonnet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90109-8","article-title":"Complications of minimal-access surgery in children","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"18","article-title":"Laparoscopy and Complicated Meckel Diverticulum in Children","volume":"18","author":"Alemayehu","year":"2014","journal-title":"JSLS J. Soc. Laparoendosc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2020.09.055","article-title":"Management of intussusception in children: A systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Arthur","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2009.03.063","article-title":"The Role of Laparoscopy in the Management of Malrotation","volume":"156","author":"Fraser","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-018-0660-z","article-title":"Enteric duplication cysts in children: Varied presentations, varied imaging findings","volume":"9","author":"Nebot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059","article-title":"The Danger Model: A Renewed Sense of Self","volume":"296","author":"Matzinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.165.2.302","article-title":"Antigen presentation by chemically modified splenocytes induces antigen-specific T cell unresponsiveness in vitro and in vivo","volume":"165","author":"Jenkins","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.005015","article-title":"Tolerance, Danger, and the Extended Family","volume":"12","author":"Matzinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1989.054.01.003","article-title":"Approaching the Asymptote? Evolution and Revolution in Immunology","volume":"54","author":"Janeway","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90198-G","article-title":"The immune system evolved to discriminate infectious nonself from noninfectious self","volume":"13","author":"Janeway","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2053","article-title":"Extracellular histones are major mediators of death in sepsis","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6473","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204787","article-title":"The NOD: A signaling module that regulates apoptosis and host defense against pathogens","volume":"20","author":"Inohara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17963","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312571110","article-title":"Mitochondrial protein mitofusin 2 is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation after RNA virus infection","volume":"110","author":"Ichinohe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4358","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301170","article-title":"The Mitochondrial Antiviral Protein MAVS Associates with NLRP3 and Regulates Its Inflammasome Activity","volume":"191","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08780","article-title":"Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury","volume":"464","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.04.004","article-title":"Damage control\u2014The goal posts have not only shifted but we are playing on another field","volume":"50","author":"Balogh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000519","article-title":"Cell necrosis\u2013independent sustained mitochondrial and nuclear DNA release following trauma surgery","volume":"78","author":"McIlroy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: Molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Swanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.03.021","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"21","author":"Amulic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Kill Bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.02.241","article-title":"Reduced hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury in Toll-like receptor-4 mutant mice is associated with decreased neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"58","author":"Oklu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12111","article-title":"Extracellular DNA traps in allergic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases","volume":"68","author":"Simon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61303","article-title":"Platelets induce neutrophil extracellular traps in transfusion-related acute lung injury","volume":"122","author":"Caudrillier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.496","article-title":"Activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway is required for neutrophil extracellular trap formation","volume":"7","author":"Hakkim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2013_1983","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)-Formation and Implications","volume":"60","author":"Zawrotniak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0380-x","article-title":"Modulation of neutrophil NETosis: Interplay between infectious agents and underlying host physiology","volume":"35","author":"Hahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/651497","article-title":"NETosis","volume":"2013","author":"Mesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00045","article-title":"NETosis and NADPH oxidase: At the intersection of host defense, inflammation, and injury","volume":"4","author":"Almyroudis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2784","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-457671","article-title":"NETosis: How vital is it?","volume":"122","author":"Yipp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12025","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps as a new paradigm in innate immunity: Friend or foe?","volume":"63","author":"Cooper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04544.x","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps promote deep vein thrombosis in mice","volume":"10","author":"Brill","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301889","article-title":"Footprints of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"33","author":"Weber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.06.011","article-title":"Intravascular Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Capture Bacteria from the Bloodstream during Sepsis","volume":"12","author":"McDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.242859","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Impact on Deep Vein Thrombosis","volume":"32","author":"Fuchs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188635","article-title":"SphK1 Regulates Proinflammatory Responses Associated with Endotoxin and Polymicrobial Sepsis","volume":"328","author":"Puneet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1994.01420250051006","article-title":"Early Predictors of Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure","volume":"129","author":"Sauaia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.12.037","article-title":"Pathophysiology of polytrauma","volume":"36","author":"Keel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111354","article-title":"A genomic storm in critically injured humans","volume":"208","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_168","first-page":"1595","article-title":"A comparison of serum interleukin-6 concentrations in patients treated by cholecystectomy via laparotomy or laparoscopy","volume":"51","author":"Schietroma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepato-Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481207800541","article-title":"Peritonitis from perforated appendicitis: Stress response after laparoscopic or open treatment","volume":"78","author":"Schietroma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. Surg."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1786","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001786","article-title":"Inflammatory Response After Laparoscopic Versus Open Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases: Data From the Oslo-CoMet Trial","volume":"94","author":"Fretland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/11\/9\/917\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:55:47Z","timestamp":1760165747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/11\/9\/917"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"references-count":170,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["life11090917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11090917","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]}}}