{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:59:10Z","timestamp":1792022350707,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent years have brought about new understandings regarding the pathogenesis of anemia in sports. From hemodilution and redistribution considered to contribute to the so-called \u201csports anemia\u201d to iron deficiency caused by increased demands, dietary restrictions, decreased absorption, increased losses, hemolysis, and sequestration, to genetic determinants of different types of anemia (some related to sport), the anemia in athletes deserves a careful and multifactorial approach. Dietary factors that reduce iron absorption (e.g., phytate, polyphenols) and that augment iron\u2019s bioavailability (e.g., ascorbic acid) should be considered. Celiac disease, more prevalent in female athletes, may underlie an unexplained iron deficiency anemia. Iron loss during exercise occurs in several ways: sweating, hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammation, and intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. From a practical point of view, assessing iron status, especially in the athletes at risk for iron deficiency (females, adolescents, in sports with dietary restrictions, etc.), may improve the iron balance and possibly the performance. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin are measures that are easily employable for the evaluation of patients\u2019 iron status. Cutoff values should probably be further assessed with respect to the sex, age, and type of sport. A healthy gut microbiome influences the iron status. Athletes at risk of iron deficiency should perform non-weight-bearing, low-intensity sports to avoid inducing hemolysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11090987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T08:04:23Z","timestamp":1632211463000},"page":"987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marc-Tudor","family":"Damian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Student 5th Year, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8, Victor Babe\u0219 Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2476-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romana","family":"Vulturar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca Romania, 6, Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 30, F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele Str., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4690-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian Cezar","family":"Login","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 1 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Damian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rare Musculoskeletal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 2-4 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior Str., 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adina","family":"Chis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca Romania, 6, Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 30, F\u00e2nt\u00e2nele Str., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Bojan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca Romania, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Hematology Department, \u201cProf. Dr. Ioan Chiricuta\u201d Oncological Institute, 400124 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volpi, P. 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