{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:31:21Z","timestamp":1785371481071,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Male infertility is increasingly becoming a health and demographic problem. While it may originate from congenital or acquired diseases, it can also result from environmental exposure. Hence, the complexity of involved molecular mechanisms often requires a multiparametric approach. This study aimed to associate semen parameters with sperm DNA fragmentation, chromatin maturity and seminal plasma protein N-glycosylation. Methods: The study was conducted with 166 participants, 20\u201355 y old, 82 normozoospermic and 84 with pathological diagnosis. Sperm was analyzed by Halosperm assay and aniline blue staining, while seminal plasma total protein N-glycans were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Sperm DNA fragmentation was significantly increased in the pathological group and was inversely correlated with sperm motility and viability. Seminal plasma total protein N-glycans were chromatographically separated in 37 individual peaks. The pattern of seminal plasma N-glycan peaks (SPGP) showed that SPGP14 significantly differs between men with normal and pathological semen parameters (p &lt; 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that when sperm chromatin maturity increases by 10%, SPGP17 decreases by 14% while SPGP25 increases by 25%. Conclusion: DNA integrity and seminal plasma N-glycans are associated with pathological sperm parameters. Specific N-glycans are also associated with sperm chromatin maturity and have a potential in future fertility research and clinical diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11090989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T08:04:23Z","timestamp":1632211463000},"page":"989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Seminal Plasma Protein N-Glycan Peaks Are Potential Predictors of Semen Pathology and Sperm Chromatin Maturity in Men"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tihana","family":"Maric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Katusic Bojanac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Matijevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8177-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Ceppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8821-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bruzzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelini","family":"Evgeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryogonia Cryopreservation Bank, 11526 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tea","family":"Petrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"W\u00f3jcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0106-0155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Trbojevic-Akmacic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-9560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordan","family":"Lauc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1528-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davor","family":"Jezek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Fucic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx022","article-title":"Temporal trends in sperm count: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"23","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. 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