{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:37:33Z","timestamp":1760236653009,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["agreement \u2116075-15.2019-1671 dated October, 31. 2019."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["agreement \u2116075-15.2019-1671 dated October, 31. 2019."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we demonstrate that a Syrian hamster biological model can be applied to the study of recombinant anthrax vaccines. We show that double vaccination with recombinant proteins, such as protective antigen (PA) and fusion protein LF1PA4, consisting of lethal factor I domain (LF) and PA domain IV, leads to the production of high titers of specific antibodies and to protection from infection with the toxicogenic encapsulated attenuated strain B. anthracis 71\/12. In terms of antibody production and protection, Syrian hamsters were much more comparable to guinea pigs than mice. We believe that Syrian hamsters are still underestimated as a biological model for anthrax research, and, in some cases, they can be used as a replacement or at least as a complement to the traditionally used mouse model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11121388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T01:29:33Z","timestamp":1639358973000},"page":"1388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using a Syrian (Golden) Hamster Biological Model for the Evaluation of Recombinant Anthrax Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kravchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Titareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-3613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Bakhteeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kombarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Borzilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raisa","family":"Mironova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kseniya","family":"Khlopova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitalii","family":"Timofeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"(2008). Anthrax in Humans and Animals, World Health Organization. [4th ed.].","key":"ref_1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.21.2.1336","article-title":"Anthrax and wildlife","volume":"21","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.49.574.571","article-title":"A brief review of anthrax in domestic animals","volume":"49","author":"Smith","year":"1973","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12468","article-title":"An experimental study of vertebrate scavenging behavior in a Northwest European woodland context","volume":"59","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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