{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:29:21Z","timestamp":1792042161298,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity has become a serious health problem with frequent occurrence both in human and animal populations. It is estimated that it may affect over 85% of the human population and 70\u201380% of horses and cows by 2030. Fat cow syndrome (FCS) is a combination of metabolic, digestive, infectious, and reproductive disorders that affects obese periparturient dairy cows, and occurs most frequently in loose-housing systems, where periparturient and dry cows are fed and managed in one group disregarding the lactation stages. Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) was named after human metabolic syndrome (MetS) and has insulin dysregulation as a central and consistent feature. It is often associated with obesity, although EMS may occur in a lean phenotype as well. Other inconsistent features of EMS are cardiovascular changes and adipose dysregulation. Laminitis is the main clinical consequence of EMS. MetS holds a 30-years old lead in research and represents a clustering of risk factors that comprise abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia (impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes mellitus\u2014T2DM), which are associated with doubled atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, and a 5-fold increased risk for T2DM. The main aim of this review is to provide critical information for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in animals, especially in cows and horses, in comparison with MetS. Human medicine studies can offer suitable candidate mechanisms to fill the existing gap in the literature, which might be indispensable for owners to tackle FCS, EMS, and their consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life11121406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T11:27:36Z","timestamp":1639654056000},"page":"1406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in Dairy Cows and Horses: Comparison to Human Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7214-2660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsofia","family":"Daradics","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur St. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian M.","family":"Crecan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur St. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9230-7725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirela A.","family":"Rus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Veterinary Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur St. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iancu A.","family":"Morar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Veterinary Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur St. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mircea V.","family":"Mircean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur St. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Florinela","family":"C\u0103toi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219 St. 3-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andra Diana","family":"Cecan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babe\u0219 St. 3-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornel","family":"C\u0103toi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur St. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22672","article-title":"Obesity and the built environment: A reappraisal","volume":"28","author":"Drewnowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2020.100653","article-title":"Obesity: Scope, lifestyle interventions, and medical management","volume":"23","author":"McCafferty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tech. 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