{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:03:46Z","timestamp":1789693426366,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP-2020\/105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the pathogenesis of coccidiosis in broiler chickens was tested. A total of 160 1-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n = 40). Group 1: unchallenged, unmedicated; Group 2: challenged, unmedicated; Group 3: challenged, supplemented with diclazuril (1 ppm); Group 4: challenged, supplemented with ZnO-NPs (20 ppm). Mixed Eimeria species (E. maxima, E. acervulina, E. mivati, and E. tenella) of a commercial coccidial vaccine (FORTEGRA\u00ae) were used to perform the coccidial challenge by 15\u00d7 of its vaccinal dose on the 14th day of age. Diclazuril and ZnO-NPs supplementation in Group 3 and 4, respectively, reduced the mortality rate due to coccidial challenge to 5.8% compared to 11.9% in Group 2. The growth performance was improved by ZnO-NPs in coccidiosis-infected group (p \u2264 0.05) compared to Group 2 and was comparable to that of Group 3 (p \u2265 0.05). The average oocyst count was lower in Groups 3 and 4 (7.8 \u00d7 103 and 14.3 \u00d7 103, respectively) than in Group 2 (67 \u00d7 103 oocysts). Group 3 had a decreased gross lesion score in duodenum and caecum (p \u2264 0.05) as well as jujenum and ileum (p \u2265 0.05) compared to Group 2; while the average lesion scores of all intestinal parts in Group 4 were significantly decreased (p \u2264 0.05). However, diclazuril was superior to ZnO-NPs in reducing caecal lesion score (p \u2264 0.05). Plasma carotenoids levels were increased by diclazuril (p \u2265 0.05) and ZnO-NPs (p \u2264 0.05) supplementation compared to Group 2. Oxidative stress appeared on the fourth week post-challenge (pc) in Group 2 (p \u2264 0.05) compared to Group 1, while the dietary supplementation with either diclazuril or ZnO-NPs numerically decreased Malondialdhyde (p \u2265 0.05) and statistically increased antioxidant activity (p \u2264 0.05). Both medications significantly improved the PCV%, Hb% and RBCs count on the 6th-day and 4th-week pc (p \u2264 0.05) compared to Group 2, though this improvement was higher significantly in Group 4 than Group 3 on the 6th day pc (p \u2264 0.05). Neither coccidial challenge nor medications had an impact on the total WBCs count as well as organ index, except Bursa of fabricious index that significantly improved by ZnO-NPs on the 4th-week pc compared to Group 2. Coccidial challenge reduced total protein and globulin levels and increased the serum alanine aminotransferase, serum cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels (p \u2264 0.05) compared to Group 1, while those of both medicated groups (Group 3 and 4) were comparable to Group 1 (p \u2265 0.05). In conclusion, ZnO-NPs were found to be as effective as diclazuril against coccidiosis. However, further research is needed to fully comprehend its anticoccidial mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12010074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1641518042000},"page":"74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Use of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Anticoccidial Agents in Broiler Chickens along with Its Impact on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status and Hematobiochemical Profile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zeynab","family":"El-Maddawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Elbehira, Edfina 22758, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd","family":"El-sawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Elbehira, Edfina 22758, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8615-6417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neveen","family":"Ashoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Elbehira, Edfina 22758, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5145-1352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salama","family":"Aboelenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7208-7123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hany","family":"Ellakany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1272-153X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elbestawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2013-487X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahed","family":"El-Shall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Elbehira, Edfina 22758, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2019.151.158","article-title":"Identifying Intra-Specific Variability in the Virulence of Eimeria tenella Using SCAR Markers","volume":"18","author":"Sedeik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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