{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:51:04Z","timestamp":1792194664151,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver is a rare benign disease. IPTs generally develop as solitary nodules, and cases with multiple lesions are uncommon. We herein report a case of multiple IPTs of the liver that spontaneously regressed. A 70-year-old woman with a 10-year history of primary biliary cholangitis and rheumatoid arthritis visited our hospital to receive a periodic medical examination. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed multiple hypoechoic lesions, with a maximum size of 33 mm, in the liver. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed low-attenuation areas in the liver with mild peripheral enhancement at the arterial and portal phases. We first suspected metastatic liver tumors, but fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography suggested the tumors to be inconsistent with malignant nodules. A percutaneous biopsy showed shedding of liver cells and abundant fibrosis with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Given these findings, we diagnosed the multiple tumors as IPTs. After careful observation for two months, the tumors almost vanished spontaneously. Physicians should avoid a hasty diagnosis of multiple tumors based solely on a few clinical findings, and a careful assessment with various imaging modalities should be conducted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12010124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:45:21Z","timestamp":1642365921000},"page":"124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multiple Inflammatory Pseudotumors of the Liver Demonstrating Spontaneous Regression: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Noriko","family":"Ishii-Kitano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirayuki","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5517-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"},{"name":"Ultrasound Imaging Center, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound Imaging Center, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Higashiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound Imaging Center, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihisa","family":"Yuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoi","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoki","family":"Kawata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5171-1847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shogo","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1844-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Shiomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Kumabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kumabe Clinic, Kikuchi 861-1331, Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume 830-0011, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"},{"name":"Ultrasound Imaging Center, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2015.01021","article-title":"Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: A case report and literature review","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis. 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Liver J."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/12\/1\/124\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:02:19Z","timestamp":1760364139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/12\/1\/124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["life12010124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12010124","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]]}}}