{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:52:52Z","timestamp":1787028772417,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Faculty of the Ruhr-University Bochum (FoRUM)","award":["F904R-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F904R-2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with diabetes suffer from poor fracture healing. Molecular reasons are not fully understood and our previous gene expression microarray analyses of regenerating bones from mice with type 2 diabetes (db\u2212\/db\u2212) revealed accelerated activation of pathways concerning matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). Thus, we picked out the pathological MMP acceleration as a target for profound gene expression analyses and additional therapeutic intervention in the present study. In the first part, gene expression of ECM degrading proteinases and inhibitors was investigated three and seven days postoperatively. Mmp3, Mmp9, Mmp13 and gene expression of MMP inhibitor Timp2 was significantly higher in regenerating bone fractures of db\u2212\/db\u2212 compared to wild type animals. Timp1 and metalloproteinase AdamTS4 showed no differences. In the second part, we locally applied a single dose (1 \u00b5L of 5 \u00b5M solution) of the broad-spectrum molecular MMP inhibitor Marimastat on tibial defects in db\u2212\/db\u2212. We performed immunohistochemical and histological stainings seven days post operation. Impaired bone healing, collagen content, angiogenesis, and osteoclast invasion in db\u2212\/db\u2212 were restored significantly by application of Marimastat compared to PBS controls (n = 7\/group). Hence, local intervention of bone defects by the molecular MMP inhibitor Marimastat might be an alternative therapeutic intervention for bone healing in diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T08:09:20Z","timestamp":1642493360000},"page":"134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Inhibition of Pathological Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Activity for Improvement of Bone Regeneration in Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Johannes Maximilian","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Reinkemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Wallner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehran","family":"Dadras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Dittfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8447-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Drysch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Sogorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3923-896X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxi","family":"von Glinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Lehnhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Behr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Becerikli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B12.19671","article-title":"Inhibition of fracture healing","volume":"89","author":"Gaston","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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