{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:08:18Z","timestamp":1790809698164,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease characterised by the appearance of eruptions such as whiteheads, blackheads, pustules, papules, and cysts. Among factors that cause acne vulgaris are the abnormal keratinisation of the sebaceous canal, bacterial colonisation (Cutibacterium acnes), increased sebum production, genotypic factors, and hormonal disorders. Treatment is often long and tedious, and can lead to a reduction in quality of life and social isolation. The intestinal microbiota is greatly important in the formation of acne lesions. It is also responsible for the proper immunity of the organism. Acne is a disease that can be related to the condition of the digestive tract and its microbiome. Research shows that the use of probiotics may reduce skin eruptions. The probiotic supplementation and cosmetics markets are very dynamically developing. The use of internal supplementation and probiotic-containing cosmetics gives hope for the improvement of the skin condition of people with acne.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12030422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T02:56:20Z","timestamp":1647312980000},"page":"422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Microbiome and Probiotics in Acne Vulgaris\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Chilicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Dzie\u0144dziora-Urbi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Szygu\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binnaz","family":"Asanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College Yordanka Filaretova, Medical University of Sofia, 1606 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1717-4280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danuta","family":"Nowicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69530-w","article-title":"A comparison of the effectiveness of azelaic and pyruvic acid peels in the treatment of female adult acne: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Chilicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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