{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:06:28Z","timestamp":1792789588421,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M3A9E9032772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M3A9E9032772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A6A3A01011531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A3A01011531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["HI17C2397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI17C2397"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Membrane-free stem cell extract (MFSCE) of human adipose tissues possesses various biological activities. However, the effects of MFSCE on blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction and brain damage are unknown. In this study, we determined the role of MFSCE in an ischemic stroke mouse model. Mice were treated with MFSCE once daily for 4 days and 1 h before ischemic damage. Experimental ischemia was induced by photothrombosis. Pretreatment with MFSCE reduced infarct volume and edema and improved neurological, as well as motor functions. Evans blue leakage and water content in the brain tissue were reduced by MFSCE pretreatment relative to those in the vehicle group. MFSCE increased the expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens 1 and claudin-5, as well as vascular endothelial-cadherin, but decreased that of matrix metalloproteinase 9. Notably, MFSCE treatment decreased cell death and the level of NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, consistent with the downregulated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-18 in the ischemic brain. These effects might have occurred via the suppression of the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of nuclear factor-\u03baB. The results highlighted the potential of MFSCE treatment as a novel and preventive strategy for patients at a high risk of ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12040503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:41:30Z","timestamp":1648590090000},"page":"503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Membrane-Free Stem Cell Extract Enhances Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Integrity by Suppressing NF-\u03baB-Mediated Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mice with Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0342-3108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hyeon","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jisu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Sook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T-Stem Co., Ltd., Changwon 51573, Gyeongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Sil","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T-Stem Co., Ltd., Changwon 51573, Gyeongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwa Kyoung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Il","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308413","article-title":"Global burden of stroke","volume":"120","author":"Feigin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. 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