{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:36:41Z","timestamp":1774543001641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\u2014Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is the most prevalent congenital heart disease in the world. Knowledge about its subtypes origin, development, and evolution is poor despite the frequency and the potential gravity of this condition. Its prognosis mostly depends on the risk of aortic aneurysm development with an increased risk of aortic dissection. Aims\u2014This review aims to describe this complex pathology in way to improve the bicuspid patients\u2019 management. Study design\u2014We reviewed the literature with MEDLINE and EMBASE databases using MeSH terms such as \u201cbicuspid aortic valve\u201d, \u201cascending aorta\u201d, and \u201cbicuspid classification\u201d. Results\u2014There are various classifications. They depend on the criteria chosen by the authors to differentiate subtypes. Those criteria can be the number and position of the raphes, the cusps, the commissures, or their arrangements regarding coronary ostia. Sievers\u2019 classification is the reference. The phenotypic description of embryology revealed that all subtypes of BAV are the results of different embryological pathogenesis, and therefore, should be considered as distinct conditions. Their common development towards aortic dilatation is explained by the aortic media\u2019s pathological histology with cystic medial necrosis. At the opposite, BAV seems to display a profound genetic heterogeneity with both sporadic and familial forms. BAV can be even isolated or combined with other congenital malformations. Conclusions\u2014All those characteristics make this pathology a highly complex condition that needs further genetic, embryological, and hemodynamic explorations to complete its well described anatomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12040518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1648762469000},"page":"518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Point on the Aortic Bicuspid Valve"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7695-9416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Bernard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Burgundy Medical School, 21000 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie Catherine","family":"Morgant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Burgundy Medical School, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9815-2173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Guillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Burgundy Medical School, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Cheynel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Burgundy Medical School, 21000 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Department of Digestive Surgery, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Bouchot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01886-7","article-title":"The incidence of congenital heart disease","volume":"39","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. 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