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The calcium-activated potassium channel type 3.1 (KCa3.1) plays key roles in controlling both macrophage phenotype and fibroblast proliferation, two critical contributors to muscle damage. In this work, we demonstrate that pharmacological blockade of the channel in the mdx mouse model during the early degenerative phase favors the acquisition of an anti-inflammatory phenotype by tissue macrophages and reduces collagen deposition in muscles, with a concomitant reduction of muscle damage. As already observed with other treatments, no improvement in muscle performance was observed in vivo. In conclusion, this work supports the idea that KCa3.1 channels play a contributing role in controlling damage-causing cells in DMD. A more complete understanding of their function could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12040538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T11:26:07Z","timestamp":1649157967000},"page":"538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Muscle Damage in Dystrophic mdx Mice Is Influenced by the Activity of Ca2+-Activated KCa3.1 Channels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1878-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Morotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-3506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7005-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germana","family":"Cocozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6369-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Antonangeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology-National Research Council (CNR), Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9171-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Bianconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology-National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7147-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Mozzetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology-National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Egle","family":"De Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3391-635X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Capitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4437-5763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heike","family":"Wulff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7504-8197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Limatola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4638-9202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myriam","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.018424","article-title":"Animal Models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: From Basic Mechanisms to Gene Therapy","volume":"8","author":"McGreevy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. 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