{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:53:38Z","timestamp":1790790818152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays an essential role in peripheral artery disease (PAD), leading to improved functional status, increased quality of life, and reduced arterial stiffness. We aimed to assess factors associated with clinical improvement 6 months after enrolment in a rehabilitation program at an academic medical center in north-eastern Europe. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study on 97 patients with PAD admitted to a single tertiary referral center. At the 6-months follow-up, 75 patients (77.3%) showed improved clinical status. We analyzed demographics and clinical and paraclinical parameters in order to explore factors associated with a favorable outcome. Results: Hypertension (p = 0.002), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002), dyslipidemia (p = 0.045), and obesity (p = 0.564) were associated with no clinical improvement. Smoking cessation (p &lt; 0.001), changing sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.032), and improvement of lipid and carbohydrate profile as well as functional status parameters and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (p = 0.008) were factors associated with clinical improvement at the 6-months follow-up. Conclusions: PAD patients require an integrative, multidisciplinary management to maintain functional status and increase quality of life. Improving carbohydrate and lipid profile, adopting a healthy lifestyle, quitting smoking and increasing exercise capacity are predictors for clinical improvement 6 months after enrolment in a CR program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12040601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T22:04:02Z","timestamp":1650319442000},"page":"601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cardiac Rehabilitation in Peripheral Artery Disease in a Tertiary Center\u2014Impact on Arterial Stiffness and Functional Status after 6 Months"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8041-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razvan","family":"Anghel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street nr 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7313-3320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Andreea","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2334-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragos Traian Marius","family":"Marcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street nr 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9438-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ovidiu","family":"Mitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street nr 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard nr 1, 700111 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street nr 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grigore","family":"Tinica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street nr 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cProf. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu\u201d, 700503 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1801-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Mitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University Street nr 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e726","article-title":"2016 AHA\/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"135","author":"Gornik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calabrese, M., Garofano, M., Palumbo, R., Di Pietro, P., Izzo, C., Damato, A., Venturini, E., Iesu, S., Virtuoso, N., and Strianese, A. (2021). Exercise Training and Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Patients with Cardiovascular Complications: State of Art. Life, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11030259"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.881888","article-title":"Exercise Rehabilitation in Peripheral Artery Disease: Functional Impact and Mechanisms of Benefits","volume":"123","author":"Hamburg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2020.02.006","article-title":"Relationship Between Disease Specific Quality of Life Measures, Physical Performance, and Activity in People with Intermittent Claudication Caused by Peripheral Artery Disease","volume":"59","author":"Golledge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e3283377f08","article-title":"Exercise-Based Interventions and Health-Related Quality of Life in Intermittent Claudication: A 20-Year (1989\u20132008) Review","volume":"17","author":"Guidon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1236","article-title":"Aortic Stiffness Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertensive Patients","volume":"37","author":"Laurent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886655","article-title":"Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Events: The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"121","author":"Mitchell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.06.068","article-title":"Association between Arterial Stiffness and Peripheral Artery Disease as Measured by Radial Artery Tonometry","volume":"66","author":"Zahner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2014.05.018","article-title":"Prognostic Impact of Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease","volume":"48","author":"Kals","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209787354186","article-title":"The Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on Central Blood Pressure Beyond Peripheral Blood Pressure. Part II: Evidence for Specific Class-Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Pressure Amplification","volume":"15","author":"Protogerou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.030","article-title":"Measurement of Arterial Stiffness in Subjects with Vascular Disease: Are Vessel Wall Changes More Sensitive than Increase in Intima\u2013Media Thickness?","volume":"205","author":"Claridge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","article-title":"2018 ESC\/ESH Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"158","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"c179","article-title":"KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Acute Kidney Injury","volume":"120","author":"Khwaja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association 6 (2020). Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142020. Diabetes Care, 43, S66\u2013S76.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S006"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mbp.0000200478.19046.dd","article-title":"Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index: Rationale and Methodology","volume":"11","author":"Dolan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood Press. Monit."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1393976","article-title":"Overview of Classification Systems in Peripheral Artery Disease","volume":"31","author":"Hardman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.725101","article-title":"Gaps in Public Knowledge of Peripheral Arterial Disease: The First National PAD Public Awareness Survey","volume":"116","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.086892","article-title":"Women and Coronary Heart Disease: A Century after Herrick: Understudied, Underdiagnosed, and Undertreated","volume":"126","author":"Wenger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544302","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.544302","article-title":"Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension in the Elderly","volume":"7","author":"Laurent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02640.x","article-title":"Is Diabetes a Coronary Risk Equivalent? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Bulugahapitiya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5122494","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5122494","article-title":"Patients with Diabetes Complicated by Peripheral Artery Disease: The Current State of Knowledge on Physiotherapy Interventions","volume":"2021","author":"Hap","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317950","article-title":"Arterial Stiffness Preceding Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study","volume":"127","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01120-6","article-title":"Relationship between Cardiovascular disease and Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (REBOUND) Study Group. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor for risk of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The REBOUND study","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13831","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Arterial Stiffness Measurements in Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Its Complications: The Potential Role of Sodium-glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitors","volume":"22","author":"Patoulias","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.576","article-title":"Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association With HbA 1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"305","author":"Umpierre","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)03029-7","article-title":"Influence of Age, Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular and Renal Disease on Arterial Stiffness: Clinical Applications","volume":"15","author":"Benetos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2015.01.002","article-title":"Abdominal Obesity Is Associated with Arterial Stiffness in Middle-Aged Adults","volume":"25","author":"Strasser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu111","article-title":"Association of Renal Function with Vascular Stiffness in Older Adults: The Rotterdam Study","volume":"43","author":"Sedaghat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000452","article-title":"Markers of Arterial Stiffness in Peripheral Arterial Disease","volume":"44","author":"Husmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.039","article-title":"Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"224","author":"Kollias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.8.1085","article-title":"Pulse Pressure Not Mean Pressure Determines Cardiovascular Risk in Older Hypertensive Patients","volume":"160","author":"Blacher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14426","article-title":"Epidemiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: What Is the Contribution of Hypertension and Arterial Stiffness?","volume":"24","author":"Mone","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.155","article-title":"Arterial Stiffness as a Risk Factor for Clinical Hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Safar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.313131","article-title":"Arterial Stiffness: A Focus on Vascular Calcification and Its Link to Bone Mineralization","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H189","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00087.2018","article-title":"Elastin, Arterial Mechanics, and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"315","author":"Cocciolone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000096731","article-title":"Arterial Stiffness and Peripheral Arterial Disease","volume":"Volume 44","author":"Safar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advances in Cardiology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.07.025","article-title":"Genetics of Adrenergic Signaling Drives Coronary Artery Calcification","volume":"310","author":"Gambardella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2012.13","article-title":"Associations of Noninvasive Measures of Arterial Compliance and Ankle-Brachial Index: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"25","author":"Wilkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/1358836X0100600402","article-title":"Small and Large Artery Elasticity Indices in Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD)","volume":"6","author":"Duprez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2012.92","article-title":"Associations Between Trunk, Leg and Total Body Adiposity with Arterial Stiffness","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.05.008","article-title":"Effect of Adipose Tissue on the Sexual Dimorphism in Metabolic Flexibility","volume":"58","author":"Sparks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000090360.78539.CD","article-title":"Measures of Obesity Are Associated With Vascular Stiffness in Young and Older Adults","volume":"42","author":"Wildman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0165-y","article-title":"Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness in Obese Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"44","author":"Montero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005121321","article-title":"Obesity, Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"17","author":"Safar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.11.008","article-title":"Exercise Training Is Not Associated with Improved Levels of C-Reactive Protein or Adiponectin","volume":"54","author":"Marcell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.2.119","article-title":"Cigarette Smoking and Progression of Atherosclerosis: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"279","author":"Howard","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpv189","article-title":"Smoking Behaviors and Arterial Stiffness Measured by Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"29","author":"Camplain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.07.031","article-title":"Effectiveness of a Smoking Cessation Program for Peripheral Artery Disease Patients","volume":"56","author":"Hennrikus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-017-0144-9","article-title":"Relationships of Drinking and Smoking with Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Chinese Community-Dwelling Population without Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease","volume":"15","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tob. Induced Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.25","article-title":"The Effect of Smoking on Arterial Stiffness","volume":"33","author":"Doonan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertens Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0552","article-title":"Acute and Chronic Effects of Smoking on Arterial Stiffness","volume":"75","author":"Kubozono","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3109\/10641960903443558","article-title":"The Combined Effect of Hypertension and Smoking on Arterial Stiffness","volume":"32","author":"Scallan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2007). Randomized Trial of the Effects of Cholesterol-Lowering with Simvastatin on Peripheral Vascular and Other Major Vascular Outcomes in 20,536 People with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Other High-Risk Conditions. J. Vasc. Surg., 45, 645\u2013654.e1.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.054"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3717","article-title":"Statin Therapy Reduces Future Risk of Lower-Limb Amputation in Patients With Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease","volume":"102","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"0300060520938188","article-title":"Association between Lipid Profiles and Arterial Stiffness: A Secondary Analysis Based on a Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000339440","article-title":"Early Arterial Stiffness and Inflammatory Bio-Markers in Normotensive Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients","volume":"36","author":"Kocyigit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2020.12.049","article-title":"de A.; Souza, A.A.; Hora, J.E.J.; Ritti-Dias, R.M.; Andrade-Lima, A. Effects of Exercise Mode on Arterial Stiffness in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease Patients: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial","volume":"74","author":"Farah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.038","article-title":"Measures of Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection Are Associated with Walking Distance in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease","volume":"191","author":"Brewer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.02.003","article-title":"Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated with Walking Distance in Patients Referred for Peripheral Arterial Disease Evaluation","volume":"206","author":"Malik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.11.1270","article-title":"Aging, Habitual Exercise, and Dynamic Arterial Compliance","volume":"102","author":"Tanaka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00777-0","article-title":"Regular Exercise, Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Age-Related Decline in Carotid Arterial Compliance in Healthy Women","volume":"57","author":"Moreau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.07.008","article-title":"Influence of Lifestyle Modification on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflections","volume":"18","author":"Tanaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X11400935","article-title":"Arterial Dysfunction and Functional Performance in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Review","volume":"16","author":"Coutinho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/12\/4\/601\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:56:01Z","timestamp":1760136961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/12\/4\/601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["life12040601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12040601","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]}}}