{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:17:32Z","timestamp":1788481052717,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Due to the increased use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), the risks of their reprotoxic effect arise. This study anticipated examining the potential protective effects of GEO (geranium essential oil) components screened via GC\/MS analysis against the reprotoxic impacts of TiO2 NPs on male rats. Methods: Thirty-two adult male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, GEO (75 mg\/kg bwt\/orally\/day\/60 days), TiO2 NPs (100 ppm\/rat\/IP\/day\/60 days), and TiO2 NPs + GEO. After 60 days, hormonal assay, semen appraisal, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, testis and prostate morphometry, and the steroidogenesis-related genes\u2019 mRNA expressions were assessed. Results: The TEM and DLS results demonstrated that synthesized TiO2 NPs are spherical with minimal aggregations polydispersed and varying in size from 50 to 100 nm. TiO2 NPs IP injection-induced sperm abnormalities decreased the percent of motile sperms in the sperm count, reduced sex hormone levels, altered the testicular oxidant\/antioxidant status and mRNA expression of steroid-related genes, and induced architectural alterations in testicular, epididymal, and prostate gland tissues. GEO significantly rescued the TiO2 NPs-altered spermiogram, sex hormones, and antioxidant capacity, restored the tissue architectures, and enhanced steroidogenesis-related gene mRNA expression. Conclusions: These findings may significantly contribute to developing combinatorial treatments for infertility associated with various environmental and industrial xenobiotic exposures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12050639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T02:14:39Z","timestamp":1650939279000},"page":"639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Concerns with Male Infertility Induced by Exposure to Titanium Nanoparticles and the Supporting Impact of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil: Morphometric Records in Male-Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Abdou","family":"Said","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2012-7928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azza A. A.","family":"Galal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1421-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed E.","family":"Abdelhamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymers & Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiam A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M. M.","family":"Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Finance Department, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2806-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Nassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3560-8166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naief","family":"Dahran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amany Abdel-Rahman","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.12.006","article-title":"Oral administration of nano-titanium dioxide particle disrupts hepatic metabolic functions in a mouse model","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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