{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:34:43Z","timestamp":1791221683028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J3-1746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J3-1746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P4-0176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P4-0176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis is age-related and the most common form of arthritis. The main characteristics of the disease are progressive loss of cartilage and secondary synovial inflammation, which finally result in pain, joint stiffness, and functional disability. Similarly, joint degeneration is characteristic of systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout, with the associated secondary type of osteoarthritis. Studies suggest that inflammation importantly contributes to the progression of the disease. Particularly, cytokines TNF\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 drive catabolic signaling in affected joints. IL-1\u03b2 is a product of inflammasome activation. Inflammasomes are inflammatory multiprotein complexes that propagate inflammation in various autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions through cell death and the release of inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecule patterns. In this article, we review genetic, marker, and animal studies that establish inflammasomes as important drivers of secondary arthritis and discuss the current evidence for inflammasome involvement in primary osteoarthritis. The NLRP3 inflammasome has a significant role in the development of secondary osteoarthritis, and several studies have provided evidence of its role in the development of primary osteoarthritis, while other inflammasomes cannot be excluded. Inflammasome-targeted therapeutic options might thus provide a promising strategy to tackle these debilitating diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12050731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T08:37:02Z","timestamp":1652431022000},"page":"731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Role of Inflammasomes in Osteoarthritis and Secondary Joint Degeneration Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3314-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samo","family":"Ro\u0161kar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, Jadranska Cesta 31, SI-6280 Ankaran, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka 9, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iva","family":"Hafner-Bratkovi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg OF 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204763","article-title":"The global burden of hip and knee osteoarthritis: Estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study","volume":"73","author":"Cross","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. 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